the "Chronograph", while he found a place in the "Catologus Liberianus", which was almost contemporary. But his tomb was venerated by the Christians of Rome, and he was afterwards recognized as a martyr, as the "passio" shows. Marcellinus died in 304. The day of his death is not certain; in the "Liber Pontificalis" his burial is wrongly placed at 26 April, and this date is retained in the historical martyrologies of the ninth century, and from them, in the later martyrologies. But if we calculate the date of his death.from the duration of his office given in the Liberian Catalogue, he would have died on 24 or 25 Oct., 304. His body was interred in the Catacomb of Priscilla on the Via Salaria, near the crypt where the martyr Crescentius found his resting-place. The Catacomb of Callistus, the official burial place of the Roman Church, where the predecessors of Marcellinus were buried during several decades, was evidently confiscated in the persecution, while the Catacomb of Priscilla, belonging to the Acilii Glabriones, was still at the disposal of the Christians.
The tomb of Marcellinus was venerated at a very early date by the Christians of Rome. The precise statements about its position, in the "Liber Pontificalis", indicate this. In one of the seventh century itineraries of the graves of the Roman martyrs, in the 'Epitome de locis ss. martyrum", it is expressly mentioned among the sacred graves of the Catacomb of Priscilla (De Rossi, "Roma sotterranea", I, 176). In the excavations at this catacomb the crypt of St. Crescentius, beside which was the burial chamber of Marcellinus, was satisfactorily identified. But no monument was discovered which had reference to this pope. The precise position of the burial chamber is therefore still uncertain. The lost "passio" of Mar- cellinus written towards the end of the fifth century, which was utilized by the author of the "Liber Pontifi- calis", shows that he was honoured as a martyr at that time; nevertheless his name appears first in the "Martyrology" of Bede, who drew his account from the "Liber Pontificalis" (Quentin, "Les martyrologes historiques", 103, sq.). This feast is on 26 April. The earlier Breviaries, which follow the account of the 'Liber Pontificalis" concerning his lapse and his re- pentance, were altered in 1883.
Liber Pontificalis, ed. DUCHESNE, I, 6, 7, 162–163; cf. Intro- duction, LXXIV sq. XCIX; Acta Sanct., April, III, 412-415, 999-1001; DE CASTRO, Difesa della causa di S. Marcellino I, Pont. Rom. (Rome, 1819); LANGEN, Geschichte der römischen Kirche, I, 370-872; ALLARD, Histoire des persécutions, IV, 376- 379; DUCHESNE, Histoire ancienne de l'Eglise, II, 92 sq.; Marucchi, Il sepolcro del papa Marcellino nel cimitero di Pris- cilla in Nuovo Bull. di archeol. crist. (1907), 115 sq.
J. P. KIRSCH.
Marcellinus, FLAVIUS, date of birth unknown; d. 12 September, 413. He was a high official (tribunus et notarius) at the court of Emperor Honorius, and pos- sessed the confidence of his imperial master owing to Lis good sense, and unblemished conduct. In 411 Honorius sent him to Africa as plenipotentiary judge, to preside and pass sentence at the great conference between the representatives of the Catholics and the Donatists, which began on 1 June of the same year and lasted several days. Marcellinus, who had conducted the negotiations with great patience and entire impar- tiality, decided in favour of the Catholics, whereupon new imperial decrees were published against the Dona- tists. The great interest which the imperial envoy showed in theological and religious questions, brought about close and friendly relations between him and St. Augustine, who wrote him several letters, and dedi- cated various books to him ("De peccatorum meritis et remissione". 'De baptismo parvulorum", the first three books of "De Civitate Dei"). St. Jerome also wrote him a letter. In 413 Marcellinus and his brother Apringius were imprisoned by Marinus, who had crushed the rising of Heraclianus, as being alleged sup- porters and partisans of the latter. Jerome says the Donatists falsely accused him out of hatred (Adv. Pelagium, III, 6). Although St. Augustine inter- ceded for him, and several other African bishops came forward in his favour, he was beheaded 12 September, 413, by order of Marinus; the latter was soon after called away from Africa, and in the edict of 30 August,. 414, which regulated the carrying out of the decrees against the Donatists, Marcellinus was referred to with honour. His name is in the Roman Martyrology, and his feast is celebrated on 6 April as that of a martyr.
Acta SS., April, I, 539–42; Dict. Christ. Biog., III, 806-7; LECLERCQ, L'Afrique chrétienne, II (Paris, 1904), 107–8, 139–40.
J. P. KIRSCH.
Marcellinus Comes, Latin chronicler of the sixth century. He was an Illyrian by birth, but spent his life at the court of Constantinople. Under Justin I (518–527) Marcellinus was chancellor to Justinian, the Emperor's nephew already chosen as his successor. When Justinian succeeded to the throne (527-565), his chancellor remained in favour and obtained va- rious high places in the government. Otherwise little or nothing is known of his life. He died apparently soon after 534. The only surviving work of Marcellinus is his chronicle (Annales), one of the many continuations of Eusebius. It covers the period from 379 to 534. First he brought it down to 518, then he added a con- tinuation to 534, as he says himself in the work. An unknown writer added a continuation down to 566. Although the work is in Latin, it describes almost ex- clusively the affairs of the East. The author says truly that he has "followed only the Eastern Em- pire". The few facts about Western Europe, taken from Orosius's "Historia adv. paganos" and Genna- dius's "De viris illustribus”, are introduced only in as much as they relate in some way to Constantinople. On the other hand the chronicle is filled with unim- portant details and anecdotes about that city and its court. Contemporary Church history is described fully as far as the East is concerned. Marcellinus is uncompromisingly orthodox and has no good word to say of any of the heretics who appear in his pages. He is often inaccurate. He mentions Theodoret of Cyrus in 466, whereas that person died ten years ear- lier. Cassiodorus (De Institut. divinis, XVII) men- tions two other works of this author, four books "De temporum qualitatibus et positionibus locorum"; and & "most exact description of the cities of Constanti- nople and Jerusalem in four little books". Both are lost.
Marcellinus's "Annales" were first published at Paris in 1546 (by A. Schonhovius); again by J. Sir- mond (Paris, 1619); in the Lyons "Maxima Biblio- theca veterum Patrum" (1677), IV, 517; in Gallandi's "Bibliotheca veterum Patrum", X, 343; and in "P.L.", LI, 917. The best text is that of Mommsen in his "Chronica minora" in Monum. Germ. hist. auct. antiquiss." (Berlin, 1894), IX, pp. 37 sq. The work is used by Jordanis the Goth (d. c. 560).
HOLDER-EGGER, Die Chronik des Marcellinus comes in Neues Archiv für ältere deutsche Geschichte (1876), 250-253; IDEM, Die Chronik des Marcellinus comes u. die oströmischen Fasten. ib. (1877), 49-109; BURY, Hist. of the Later Roman Empire (Lon- don, 1889); KRUMBACHER, Gesch. d. byzant. Lit. (2nd ed., Munich, 1896).
ADRIAN FORTESCUE.
Marcellinus of Civezza (in the world PIETRO RANISE), O.F.M., modern Franciscan author, born at Civezza in Liguria, Italy, 29 May, 1822; d. at Leghorn, 27 March, 1900. He entered the order of the Friars- Minor in the Roman province, receiving the habit at Cori, 1 Feb., 1838. He completed his philosophical- theological studies at Tivoli and Lucca. In 1844 he obtained the degree of Lector (Professor) in philoso phy, and in the following year, 17 May, was ordained priest. For some years he taught at Tivoli, Ferentino, Viterbo, Aracoeli in Rome; in 1854 he retired to Recco
