Clallams :
Port Discovery 150
Port Townseucl 70
New Dungeness 200
Walla Walla, including- the Nez Perces, Snakes, etc 1,100
Killamouks, north of Umpqua 400
Closset tribe ; Capt. Flattery, Quiniault, to Pt. Grenville .... 1,250 Blackfeet tribes that make excursions west of the Rocky
Mountains 1,000
Birch Bay 300
Fraser"s River 500
Chenooks 209
Clatsops 220
At the Cascades 150 i
At The Dalles 250
Yakima River 100
Shutes River (Des Chutes) 125
Umpquas 400
Rogue Rivers 500
Klamets. (Klamaths) 300
Shastys. (Shastas) 500
Kalapuyas. (Calapooias) 600
Nisqually 200
Chikeeles and Puget Sound 700
Cowlitz Klackatacs. (Klickitats) 350
Port Orford Suquamish 150
Total 19,204
As the Indians in accounting for their people counted only the adult males and took no aecomit of women and children it is probable that the real popula- tion of all the Indian tribes depending ^^pon nature for support was about fifty thousand. This would give to the Indian estimate one woman to each man, and ten thousand children. Indian families were never large anywhere in North America. The stress of barbaric life, which placed upon the mother not only the burden of child-bearing, but also the greater labor in providing food and clothing and moving from i^lace to place, powerfully repressed any increase of population.
But as it is, it is easy to see what a bountiful provision nature had made for the support of man. And if unaided nature could support the improvidence of fifty thousand Indians, what might have been done with the same resources if they had been thoughtfully conserved and supplemented with the cultivation of the soil and the protecting care of common sense? The white man reversed all the ideas and traditions of the red man in the conservation of natural re- sources. He turned his battery of fire-arms on the half tame elk, deer, and ante- lope, and soon well nigh exterminated the natural stock. He hooked, netted, seined, trapped by every conceivable device, the fish, and sold the pack to foreign lands. He fired the grassy prairies and drove away the pheasants, grouse and quail ; he fired the timber and drove out other game and destroyed their coverts
