APPLE 212 APPORTIONMENT BILL were deposed. Appius Claudius died in prison, by his own hand, according to Livy. APPLE, the fruit of the pyrus malus, a species of the genus pyrus. All the different kinds of apple trees now in cul- tivation are usually regarded as mere varieties of the one species which, in its wild state, is known as the crab tree, pynis acerba. The Romans are said to have had 22 varieties of the pyrus malus, or cultivated apple tree. At the present time it is, perhaps, the most widely dif- fused and valuable of all fruit trees. About 1,000 varieties are cultivated in the United States, where the cultivation of the fruit on an extensive scale has become one of the most profitable indus- tries. The appleis regarded by botanists asthe type of the kind of fruit to which they have applied the term pome. The eat- able part has a more or less aromatic, sweet, or sub-acid taste, and contains starch, grape-sugar, and malic acid. Malic acid, extracted from the apple, has long been used in medicine, and is large- ly employed as a mordant in dyeing. APPLETON, city and county-seat of Outagamie co.. Wis., on the Fox river and the Chicago and Northwestern and the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul railroads; 25 miles S. W. of Green Bay. It is at the head of navigation on Lake Winnebago and on the Green Bay water- way, on a plateau 70 feet above the river, and near the Grand Chute rapTds, whence it derives excellent power for manufac- turing. The principal industries are the manufacture of farm implements, furni- ture, paper, flour, pulp, machinery, and woolen and knit goods. It is the seat of Lawrence University (Methodist-Episco- pal), and has university and public- school libraries, National banks, daily and weekly newspapers. Pop. (1910) 16,773; (1920) 19,561. APPOGGIATTJRA, in music, a small additional note of embellishment in pre- ceding the note to which it is attached, and taking away from the principal note a portion of its time. APPOLD, JOHN GEORGE, an English mechanician and inventor of automatic machinery, born in 1800. He invented a centrifugal pump and a brake which was used in laying the Atlantic cable. He died Aug. 31, 1865. APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE, a village in Appomattox co., Va., 20 miles E. of Lynchburg. Here, on April 9, 1865, General Lee surrendered to Gen- eral Grant, and thus virtually concluded the Civil War. APPONYI, ALBERT, COUNT, Hun- garian statesman, born 1846. He re- ceived his education at the universities of Vienna and Budapest. In 1872 he en- tered Parliament, and by his eloquence and gift of leadership soon became the head of the Conservative National Party^ In 1899 he joined the ranks of the Liber- COUNT ALBERT APPONYI als; he was chosen President of the Reichstag in 1901 and was speaker of the Chamber from 1902 to 1904. In 1906 he became Minister of Public Education, and held that office till 1910. He visited the United States in 1904 as a delegate to the World's Peace Conference at St. Louis, and again in 1911, when he lec- tured on international law. He was a pronounced opponent of Count Tisza, for many years perhaps the most sinister figure in Hungarian public life. In 1920 he was head of the Hungarian peace delegation which visited Paris to receive the Allied peace terms. APPORTIONMENT BILL, a bill adopted by the United States Congress every 10 years, and directly after the completion of the Federal census, which determines the number of members that each State is entitled to send to the Na- tional House of Representatives, and pro- vides for the necessary reorganization of the Congressional electoral districts. The apportionment based on enumeration of 1910 provided one representative for every 211,887 of population.
