AITLD LANG SYNE 343 AURELIUS others, called also the common rotche, and the little white and black diver is the viergulus vielanoleiicos of Yarrell's "British Birds," the M. alle of Carpenter and Dallas, and the aica aUe of Linnseus. It has the breast, the belly, a dot above the eyes, and a stripe on the wing, white ; the rest of the plumage black. Its length is 9 inches, and the extent of its wings 16. Its dimensions are thus about those of a large pigeon. It nestles in holes or crevices on the bare rocks, lajing one bluish-green egg. It is abundant in the Arctic seas. It is found also in Great Britain. AULD LANG SYNE (awld lang zin), a Scottish phrase meaning, literally "old long since"; hence the times of long ago, etc. ATJLD REEKIE, an epithet or sobri- quet applied to Edinburgh, on account of its smoky appearance as seen from a dis- taiice; ov, as some say, on account of the former uncleanliness of its public thor- oughfares; a reproach now, happily, jvithout relevancy. AULIC, name given to a council (the Reichshofrath) in the old German Em- pire, one of the two supreme courts of the German Empire, the other being the court of the imperial chamber (Reichs- kammergericht.) The title is now applied in Germany in a general sense to the chief council of any department,, politi- cal, administrative, judicial, or military. ATJLIS, in ancient Greece, a seaport in Boeotia, on the strait called Euripus, between Boeotia and Euboea. AUMALE (o-miil'), a small French town, in the department of Seine-Infe- rieure, 35 miles N. E. of Rouen, which has given titles to several notables in French history. Jean d'Arcourt. eighth Count d'Aumale, fought at Agincourt, and defeated tie English at Gravelle (1423). Claude II., Due d'Aumale, one of the chief instigators of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, was killed 1573. Charles PE Lorraine, Due d'Aumale, was an ar- dent partisan of the League in the polit- ico-religious French wars of the 16th century. Henri Eugene Philippe Louis d'Orleans, Due d'Aumale, son of Louis Philippe, King of the French, was born in Paris, Jan. 16, 1822. In 1847 he suc- ceeded Marshal Bugeaud as Governor- Genei'al of Algeria, whore he had distin- guished himself in the war against Abd- el-Kader. After the Revolution of 1848 he retired to England; but he returned to France in 1871, and was elected a meml>er of the AssomHy; became Inspec- tor-general of the army in 1879, and was expelled, along with the other royal princes, in 1886. The same year he pre- sented to the Institute of France his grand Chantilly estate, with all its price- less art and historical treasures. The decree of banishment was revoked on the fall of Boulanger, and the Duke returned to Chantilly. He published a "History of the House of Conde." He died in Zucco, Sicily, May 6, 1827. AirRANTIACE.a: (a-ran-te-as'e-i), an order of plants, classed by Lindley in his rutales, or rutal alliance. They have from throe to five petals, stamina the same in number, or twice as many, or some multiple of the petals, hj-pogj-nous. The fruit is pulpy, and is many-celled. There is no genus aurantium. The typ- ical one is citrus, which contains the orange, the lemon, the lime, etc. There are about 95 known species, all from India. AURELIAN, LUCIUS DOMITIUS AURELIANUS, Emperor of Rome, of humble origin, was born about 212 a. d., rose to the highest rank in the anny, and on the death of Claudius II. (270) was chosen Emperor. He delivered Italy from the barbarians (Alemanni and Mar- comanni), and conquered the famous Ze- nobia. Queen of Palmyra. He followed up his victories by the reformation of abuses, and the restoration throughout the empire of order and regularity. He lost his life, A. D. 275, by assassination, when heading an expedition against the Persians. AURELIUS ANTONINUS, MARCUS, often called simply M.^RCUS Ai'RELIUS, Roman Emperor and philosopher, son- in-law, adopted son. and successor of An- toninus Pius, born A. D. 121, succeeded to the throne 161; died 180. His name originally was Marcus Annius Verus. He voluntarily shared the government with Lucius VoVus, whom Antoninus Pius had also adopted. A war with Parthia broke out in the year of his accession, and did not terminate till 166. A confederacy of the northern tribes now threatened Italy, while a frightful pestilence, brought from the East with the army, raged in Rome itself. Both emperors set out in person against the rebellious tril>es. In 169 Verus died, and the sole command of the war devolved on Marcus Aurelius, who prosecuted it with the utmost rigor, and nearly exterminated the Mai-comanni. His victory over the Quadi (174) is connect- ed with a famous legend. Dion Cassius tells us that the 12th legion of the Roman army was shut up in a detilo, and reduced to great straits for want of water, when n '^ridv of Christians enrolled in the le-
