BALDWIN" 391 BALEABIC CBANE his son-in-law, Foulques of Anjou, and retired to a monastery, where he died. The Order of Templars, for the defense of the Holy Land, was instituted in his rei^. BALDWIN III., King of Jerusalem, son of Foulques of Anjou, whom he suc- ceeded in 1142, under the guardianship of his mother. He took Ascalon and other places; but under his reign the Christians lost Edessa. Born in 1130; died at Antioch, in 1162. He was suc- ceeded by his brother, Amaury I. BALDWIN IV., son of Amaury, suc- ceeded to the throne of Jerusalem on the death of his father, in 1174; but be- ing leprous, Raymond, Count of Tripoli, governed the kingdom for him. He after- ward resigned the throne to his nephew, Baldwin V., in 1183, and died in 1185. BALDWIN v., King of Jerusalem, son of Sibylla, sister of Baldwin IV., was called to the throne when five years old, in 1183, and died of poison, supposed to have been administered by his mother, in order that her second husband, Guy de Lusignan, might enjoy the throne. The following year, 1187, the Christians lost Jerusalem, which was taken by Saladin. BALDWIN, EVELYN BRIGGS, an American explorer, born in Springfield, Mo., in 1862. He graduated from North- western College in 1885, and from 1887 to 1891 was principal of a high school, and superintendent of city schools in Kansas from 1892 to 1900. From 1892 to 1900 he acted as observer of United States Weather Bureau and inspector-at- large of the signal corps of the United States. He accompanied Peary on his North Greenland expedition in 1893- 1894, and was meteorologist and second in command in Walter Wellman's expe- dition to Franz-Josef Land in 1898-1899. In the latter year he discovered and ex- plored Graham Bell Land, organized and commanded the Baldwin-Ziegler polar expedition in 1901-1902, and later car- ried on other explorations on the north- east coast of Greenland. He was the au- thor of "Search for the North Pole"; "Franz-Josef Land" (1898) ; "North Greenland Expedition" (1894) ; etc. BALDWIN, JAMES MARK, an Amer- ican psychologist, born in Columbia, S. C, Jan. 12, 1861; educated at Princeton Col- lege, Leipsic, Berlin, and Tubingen Uni- versities; was, successively. Instructor of German and French at Princeton in 1886-1887; Professor of Philosophy in Lake Forest University in 1887-1889, and in the University of Toronto in 1889- 1893 ; Professor of Psychology at Prince- ton University, 1893-1903; Professor of Philosophy and Psychology at Johns Hopkins University 1903-1909; Professor at the National University of Mexico, 1909. He was Vice-President of the In- ternational Congress of Psychology at London in 1892; Honorary President of the International Congress of Criminal Anthropology at Geneva in 1896; Presi- dent of the American Psychological As- sociation in 1897-1898; Judge of Award at the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893; was awarded a gold medal by the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences of Denmark, in 1897, for the best work in ethics; was elected a member of the In- stitut International de Sociologie, in 1898, and President of International Congress of Psychology at Geneva in 1909; and was a member of many other domestic and foreign scientific societies. He has lectured at Oxford and at French universities. He is the author of "Hand- book of Psychology" (2 vols., 1889-1891) ; a translation of Ribot's "German Psy- chology of To-day" (1886); "Elements of Psychology" (1893); "Thoughts and Things" (1906-1911); "Individual and Society" (1910) ; etc. He was also editor- in-chief of the "Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology," and a contributor of articles on psychology to "Johnson's Universal Cyclopedia" (1892-1895). He received the degree of D. Sc. from Ox- ford University in 1900. BALDWIN, SIMEON EBEN, an American public official and jurist, born in New Haven, Conn., in 1840. He grad- uated from Yale University in 1861 and after studying law was admitted to the bar in 1863. From 1869 to 1872 he was instructor in law at Yale, and in 1872 became professor of law at that univer- sity. He was associate justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court from 1893 to 1907, and from 1907 to 1910 was chief justice of the State Supreme Court of Errors. In 1911 and in 1913 he was elected governor of Connecticut on the Democratic ticket. He was a member of commissions to revise the general stat- utes and the tax laws of the State, presi- dent of the American Bar Association in 1890, and a member of many other historical, legal, and economical associa- tions. His publications include "Two Centuries' Growth of American Law" (1900) ; "American Railroad Law" (1904) ; "The Relation of Education to Citizenship" (1912) ; etc. BALE. See BASEL. BALEARIC CRANE (balearica pavon- ina), a handsome species of crested crane, inhabiting N. W. Africa.
