BANDONG 403 BANGOR ince. He was colonel and assistant chief of the Philippine constabulary, and at the same time was in command of the District of Southern Luzon. He was active against outlaws, and succeeded in capturing the leaders in several upris- ings. From 1907 to 1913 he was briga- dier-general and chief of the Philippine constabulary. In 1914 he served on the Mexican border, remaining until Feb- ruary, 1918, when he became chief of staff of the 58th Infantry Brigade; he was provost-marshal-general of the American Expeditionary Force from September, 1918, to August, 1919. In the latter year he served as American mem- ber of the Interallied Military Mission to Hungary. BANDONG, or BANDUNG, a flourish- ing commercial town in the center of the western end of Java, in the vicinity of the volcano Gunong Guntour. Since 1864 it has been the capital of a prov- ince known as the Preanger Regencies. Pop. about 22,000. BANFF, a health resort in south- western Alberta, Canada. It is on the Canadian Pacific railroad and the Bow river. The village, which has a popu- lation of about 1,000, has its situation in the magnificent scenery of the Cana- dian Rockies. There are several fine hotels, sulphur springs, open-air baths, and a sanitarium. It is included in the Rocky Mountain National Park of Can- ada, which has an area of over 5,000 square miles. BANFFSHIRE, a county in Scotland in the northeast division. It has an area of 630 square miles. The surface is for the most part hilly, with some fertile valleys and pasture land. Agriculture and fishing are the leading occupations. The chief towns are Banff, Macduff, Keith, and Buckie. Pop. about 65,000. BANGALORE, a town of Hindustan, capital of Mysore, and giving its name to a considerable district in the E. of Mysore state. The town stands on a healthful plateau 3,000 feet above sea- level. In the old town stands the fort, reconstructed by Hyder Ali in 1761, and taken by Lord Comwallis in 1791. There are manufactures of silks, cotton cloths, carpets, gold and silver lace, etc. Pop. about 200,000. The Bangalore dis- trict has an area of nearly 3,000 square miles and a population of over 800,000. BANGKOK, the capital city of Siam, situated on both banks of the Menam, about 20 miles from its mouth, and in 14° N. lat., and 100° 20' E. long. The 27 — Vol. I — Cyc population is about 550,000, nearly half of whom are Chinese, the others includ- ing Burmese, Annamese, Cambodians, Malays, Eurasians, and Europeans. The foreign trade of Siam centers in Bang- kok, and is mainly in the hands of the Europeans and Chinese. The approach to Bangkok by the Menam, which can be navigated by ships of 350 tons bur- den (large sea-going ships anchor at Paknam, below the bar at the mouth of the river) , is exceedingly beautiful. Stone buildings are used only for the royal palaces, some noblemen's houses, monasteries, and the dwellings of Euro- peans. A large number of the houses float on rafts, fastened by ropes to poles; most of the trade of the city is carried on upon the river. Much of the internal traffic of Bangkok is carried on by means of canals, but in recent years numerous streets and roads have been built; there are now also electric street railways, electric lights, and four railway stations. The native houses on land — of bamboo or other woodj like the floating houses — are raised upon piles, six or eight feet from the ground, and are reached by ladders. The circumference of the walls of Bang- kok, which are 15 to 30 feet high, and 12 broad, is about 6 miles. Bangkok is the constant residence of the King and the seat of foreign legations and con- sulates. The palace is surrounded by high walls, and is nearly a mile in cir- cumference. It includes temples, public offices, accommodation for officials and for some thousands of soldiers, with their necessary equipments, a theater, apartments for a crowd of female attend- ants, and several Buddhist temples, or chapels. Throughout the interior are dis- tributed the most costly articles in gold, silver, and precious stones. The temples of Bangkok are innumerable and deco- rated in the most gorgeous style, the Siamese taking a pride in lavishing their wealth on them. In the neighborhood of Bangkok are iron mines and forests of teak-wood. The chief exports are rice, sugar, pepper, cardamoms, sesame, hides, fine woods, ivory, feathers, and edible birds' nests. There is regular steam- ship service with Singapore, Saigon, and Hong Kong. See Siam. BANGOR, city, port of entry, and county-seat of Penobscot co.. Me.; at the junction of the Penobscot and Kendus- keag rivers, on the Maine Central, and Bangor and Aroostook railroads; 140 miles N. E. of Portland. It is at the head of navigation on the Penobscot river; is divided into two parts by the Kendus- keag; and derives excellent power for maniif acturing from the Penobscot river.
