SABNABD 423 BARNES BARNARD, FREDERICK AUGUS- TUS PORTER, an American educator, bom in Sheffield, Mass., May 5, 1809; was graduated at Yale College in 1828; , instructor there in 1830; Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in the University of Alabama in 1837- 1848, and afterward of Chemistry and Natural History till 1854; Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy in the Uni- versity of Mississippi, 1854-1861; its president in 1856-1858; and its Chancel- lor in 1858-1861. He was president of Columbia College, New York City, in 1864-1888. In 1860 he was appointed a member of the expedition to observe the eclipse of the sun in Labrador; was en- gaged in 1862 in reducing observations of the stars in the Southern Hemisphere ; had charge of the publication of charts and maps of the United States Coast Survey in 1863; was named one of the original incorporators of the National Academy of Sciences in 1863; was one of the United States commissioners to the Paris Exposition in 1867, member of the American Philosophical Society, corresponding member of the Royal Society of Liege, and member of many other scientific and literary associations. Among his publications are "Letters on College Government" (1854) ; "Report on Collegiate Education" (1854) ; "Art Culture" (1854) ; "History of the Amer- ican Coast Survey" (1857) ; "University Education" (1858) ; "Undulatory Theory of Light" (1862) ; "Machinery and Proc- esses of the Industrial Arts, and Ap- paratus of Exact Science" (1868) ; "Met- ric System of Weights and Measures" (1871) ; etc. He died in New York City, April 27, 1889. BARNARD, GEORGE GREY, an American sculptor, born in Bellefonte, Pa., in 1863. He studied art in Paris, exhibited in the Paris Salon in 1894, was awarded a gold medal in the Paris Ex- ^ position in 1900, and also received other medals for excellency in artistic work. For several years he was professor of sculpture in the Art Students' League, New York. Following the death of Au- gustus Saint Gaudens he was the most conspicuous of American sculptors. His best known works include sculptures for the Pennsylvania State capitol and a statue of Lincoln which, after a bitter controversy as to its fidelity and artistic merits, was presented to the city of Man- chester, England, in 1920. BARNARD-CASTLE, a town of Eng- land, county of Durham, giving name to a parliamentary division of the county. There is a large thread mill and carpet manufactories, the Bowes Museum and Art Gallery, and the Northern Counties School. The castle was originally built about 1178 by Barnard Baliol, grand- father of John Baliol. BARNARD COLLEGE, a college for women in New York City, forming a part of Columbia University (g. v.). There were in 1919, 715 students and 86 members of the faculty. Dean, V. C. Gildersleeve, Ph. D. BARNARDO, THOMAS JOHN, an English philanthropist; founder of the Barnardo Homes for homeless children; had his attention first turned in this di- rection by the condition in which he found a boy in a ragged school in East London in 1866. Following up the sub- ject, he began to rescue children who had found their only shelter at night under archways, or in courts and alleys. These were introduced to his homes, where they received an industrial training. At the time of Dr. Barnardo's death, in 1905, over 60,000 destitute children had passed through his institutions. There were then in the United Kingdom and colonies 112 branches including an immigration depot at Ontario, and farm at Mani- toba, home for babies and hospital for sick children. Thousands of "Barnardo's boys" fought with the British forces on land and sea in the European War. BARNAVE, ANTOINE PIERRE JOSEPH MARIE (bar-naV), a French orator, was born at Grenoble in 1761. He was the son of a rich procureur. He was chosen a Deputy of the tiers Hat to the Assembly of the States-General, and showed himself an open enemy to the court. The Constituent Assembly ap- pointed him their President in January, 1791. After the flight of the King, and the subsequent arrest of the royal family, he was sent, with Petion and Latour- Maubourg, to conduct them to Paris. When the correspondence of the court fell into the hands of the victorious party, Aug. 10, 1792, they pretended to have found documents which showed him to have been secretly connected with it, and he was guillotined Nov. 29, 1793. BARN BURNERS, the nickname given to the radical element of the Democratic party in New York State, which sup- ported Van Buren in the campaign of 1848. BARNEGAT BAY, a bay on the E. coast of New Jersey, about 25 miles in length. Barnegat Inlet connects the bay with the Atlantic. BARNES, GEORGE NICOLL. a British statesman, born in Scotland in 1859. He entered Parliament in 1906 as
