BERETTSOTT 492 BEBGEB BERENSON, BERNHARD, an Ameri- can writer, born at Wilna, Russia, in 1865. He graduated from Harvard Uni- versity in 1887, and has since then lived near Florence, Italy. He was one of the best known authorities in art criticism. Among his writings are: "Venetian Painters of the Renaissance" (1894) ; "The Study and Criticism of Italian Art" (1902, 1915) ; "The Drawings of the Florentine Painters" (1903) ; "The Fif- teenth Century" (1916) ; "Essays on Sienese Paintings" (1918). He was a frequent contributor to art magazines in the United States and foreign countries. BERESFORD, LORD CHARLES DE LA POER, an English naval officer, born in Ireland, Feb. 10, 1846; became a Cadet in 1857; Lieutenant, 1868; Captain, 1882; and Rear- Admiral, 1897. In 1882 he commanded the "Condor" in the bom- bardment of Alexandria, and was espe- cially mentioned and honored for his gal- lantry. In 1884-1885 he served on Lord Wolseley's staff in the Nile Expedition; and subsequently commanded the naval brigade in the battles of Abu Klea, Abu Kru, and Metemmeh. He commanded the expedition which rescued Sir Charles Wilson's party and was commended for his gallantry in both Houses of Parlia- ment. In 1893-1896, he was in command of the naval reserve at Chatham, and in December, 1899, was appointed the sec- ond in command of the British squadron mobilized in the Mediterranean Sea. Lord Beresford accompanied the Prince of Wales on his visit to India in 1875-1876, as naval aide-de-camp, and held the same relation to the Queen in 1896-1897. He served several terms in Parliament, where he acquired a reputation as an outspoken critic, especially of naval af- fairs. Besides the numerous honors for gallantry as an officer he received three medals for saving life at sea under try- ing circumstances. In 1898 he visited China at the request of the Associated Chambers of Commerce of Great Britain; and on his return, in 1899, he passed through the United States, and was re- ceived with distinguished honors. He was commander Mediterranean squadron (1905-1907), and of the Channel Fleet (1907-1909). His publications include "Life of Nelson and His Times"; "The Break Up of China" (1899) ; "Memoirs" (1914). He also was a frequent con- tributor to magazines. He died in 1920. BERESINA, or BEREZINA, a river of European Russia; rises in the district of Dissna, government of Minsk, which it traverses from N. to S.; after receiv- ing various affluents, and being joined by a canal with the Don, it falls into the Dnieper, near Ritchitza, after a course of 200 miles. This river has been ren- dered famous on account of its disastrous passage by the French army during the re- treat of Napoleon I. from Russia in 1812. BERGAMO, a town of north Italy, capital of the province of Bergamo (1,076 square miles, about 550,000 in- habitants), consists of two parts, the old town, situated on hills, and the new town, almost detached and on the plain. It has a cathedral, an interesting church of the 12th century, a school of art, picture gal- lery, etc. It trades largely in silk, silk goods, corn, etc., has the largest annual fair in north Italy, and extensive manu- factures. Pop. about 60,000. BERGAMOT, a fruit tree, a variety of species of the genus cit7-us. BERGEN, a seaport on the W. coast of Norway, the second town of the king- dom, about 25 miles from the open sea, on a bay of the Byfiord, which forms a safe harbor. The town is well built, with cathedral, museum, etc. The trade is large, timber, tar, train oil, cod liver oil, hides, and particularly dried fish (stock fish) being exported in return for corn, wine, brandy, coffee, cotton, woolens and sugar. It is the second largest port of Norway, its imports and exports in 1917 totalling almost 400,- 000,000 kroner. In 1445 a factory was established here by the Hanseatic cities of Germany. Pop. about 90,000. BERGER, VICTOR L., an American socialist and editor, born at Nieder-Reb- buch, Austria, in 1860. He was educated in the schools and universities of Aus- tria, but early in life removed to the United States, where he was employed at various trades. He later became a teacher in public schools, at the same time studying and lecturing on socialism. In 1892 to 1902 he was the editor of the Milwaukee "Daily Vorwarts," a Socialist newspaper. After acting as editor on several other Socialist papers, he became editor-in-chief of the Milwaukee "Lead- er," a Socialist daily. In 1896 he was a delegate to the People's Party Con- vention at St. Louis and endeavored to organize the support of Eugene V. Debs at that convention. He was a leader in the organization of the Social Democrat and the Socialist Democrat party of America and was a member of the executive board from its be- ginning. In 1904 he was Socialist Democratic candidate for mayor of Mil- waukee and was also candidate for Con- gress in the same year. He was elected alderman of Milwaukee in 1910. In 1911 he was elected to the 62d Congress, the
