BONAPARTE 101 BONAPARTE retirement at his estate of Canino, in the province of Viterbo, where he devoted his time to art and science. Here he en- joyed the friendship of the Pope, who created him Prince of Canino and Mu- signano; but, having denounced the arro- gant and cruel policy of his brother to- ward the Court of Rome, he was advised to leave the city. In 1810 he took ship for America, but fell into the hands of the English. After the defeat at Water- loo Lucien Bonaparte alone seems to have preserved his presence of mind. He immediately advised his brother to dis- solve the Chambers, and assume the place of absolute dictator. After the second ascent of the throne by Louis XVIII. , Lucien lived in and near Rome, and died at Viterbo in 1840. He possessed con- siderable talents and firmness of char- acter. His el-dest son was Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte, Prince of Canino and Musignano, born at Paris in 1803. He never exhibited any incli- nation for political life. He acquired a considerable reputation as a naturalist, and especially as a writer on ornithology. He died in 1857. He was a member of the principal academies of Europe and the United States. His chief publica- tions are a continuation of Wilson's "Ornithology of America," and "Incono- grafia della Fauna Italica." The sec- ond son, Paul Marie Bonaparte, born in 1808, took a part in the Greek War of Liberation, and died by the accidental discharge of a pistol in 1827. The third son, Louis Lucien Bonaparte, born in 1813, at Thomgrove, Worcestershire, during his father's imprisonment in Eng- land, early devoted himself vith equal ardor to chemisti'y, mineralogy, and the study of languages, and became an au- thority of the first rank in Basque, Cel- tic, and comparative philology generally. His election for Corsica in 1848 was an- nulled, but he was sent to the Constit- uent Assembly for the Seine department next year, and was made Senator in 1852, with the title of Highness in ad- dition to that of Prince, which he al- ready possessed from his birth. Most of his contributions to linguistic science have been privately printed. Among these are a translation of St. Matthew's version of the parable of the sower into 72 languages and dialects of Europe (1857) ; a linguistic map of the seven Basque provinces, showing the delimi- tation of the "Euscara," and its division into dialects, subdialects, and varieties (1863); a Basque version of the Bible in the Labourdin dialect (1865) ; a mas- terly treatise on the Basque verb (1869) ; besides many papers of profound learn- ing in the philological journals. A great work produced under his patronage from 1858 to 1860, was a version of the Song of Solomon in 22 different Eng- lish dialects, besides four in Lowland Scotch, and one in Saxon. He long lived in England, where he was granted a Civil List pension in 1883. He died Nov. 3, 1891. The fourth son, Pierre Napo- leon Bonaparte, born in 1815, passed through many changes of fortune in America, Italy, and Belgium, and re- turned to France in 1848. In 1870 he shot a journalist, Victor Noir, a deed v/nich created great excitement in Pari? ; and, being tried, was acquitted of the charge of murder, but condemned to pay $5,000 to Victor Noir's relatives. He died in 1881. The youngest son, An- toine Bonaparte, born in 1816, fled to the United States after an affair with the Papal troops in 1836, and returned to France in 1848, where he was elected to the National Assembly in 1849; he died in 1877. Louis Bonaparte, third brother of Napoleon, born in 1778, was educated in the artillery school at Chalons, where he imbibed anti-Republican principles. After rising from one honor to another he was made King of Holland in 1806; but, in fact, was never more than a French Governor of Holland, subordinate to the will of his brother. Yet he seems to have done his best to govern in the interests of his Dutch subjects, and when he found his efforts useless, he resigned in favor of his son in 1810. He returned to Paris in 1814, where he was coldly received by the Emperor. After living for some years in Rome — where he separated from his wife — he removed in 1826 to Florence, where he lived in retirement. He died at Leghorn in 1846. Louis Bonaparte was the writer of several works, "Documents Histor- iques sur le Gouvernment de la Hol- lande" (3 vols. London, 1821) ; "His- toire du Parlement Anglais," (1820) ; and a critique on M. de Norvins' "His- tory of Napoleon." Louis Bonaparte was married in 1802 to Hortense Beauhar- nais, daughter of General Beauharnais by his wife, Josephine, afterward Em- press of the French. Eugenie Beauharnais, the adopted daughter of Napoleon, Queen of Hol- land and Countess St. Leu, was born at Paris in 1783. After the execution of her father, she lived for some time in humble circumstances, until Napoleon's marriage with Josephine. In obedience to the plans of her step-father she re- jected her intended husband, General Desaix, and married Louis Bonaparte in 1802. She lived mostly apart from her
