BOURBON 135 BOURGEOIS Count of Paris, and a son, Prince An- thony, born in 1866, who married his cousin, the Infanta Eulalie of Spain, in 1886; Louis, Duke of Nemours, born in 1814, died in 1896. He was the father of two daughters and two sons, the eld- est son being the Count of Eu, born in 1842, married to a daughter of Pedro II. of Brazil, and, having three children, and the second son being the Duke of Alen?on, born in 1844, died 1910, and married to a Bavarian princess (who was burned in the Paris bazaar fire in 1897), and having two children. By the death of the Count of Cham- bord, in 1883, the elder line of the Bour- bons of France became extinct, and the right of succession merged in the Count of Paris, grandson of King Louis Phi- lippe, representative of the younger, or Orleans, line. BOURBON, CHARLES, CARDINAL, a French prince and prelate; brother of Antoine de Bourbon, born in 1520; uncle to Henry IV., King of France. He was Archbishop of Rouen, Legate of Avignon, cardinal, peer of France, and mem- ber of the Council. In spite of family ties he ardently supported the Guises and the Leaguej and was declared by that faction heir presumptive to the throne on the ground that his brother Antoine, through heresy, had forfeited his claim. On the death of Henry III. he was declared King, as Charles X., and was recognized by a majority of the parlements. Yet he was all the while a prisoner at Fontenay-le-Comte, and died there in 1590. BOURBON, CHARLES, DUKE OF, or CONSTABLE OF BOURBON, son of Gilbert, Count of Montpensier, born in 1489, and, by his marriage with the heir- ess of the elder Bourbon line, acquired an immense estate. He received from Francis I., in the 26th year of his age, the sword of Constable, and in the war in Italy rendered important services by the victory of Marignano and the cap- ture of Milan. After occupying, for years, the position of the most powerful and highly honored subject in the realm he suddenly fell into disgrace, from what cause is not clearly known. The Constable, embittered by this return for his services, entered into treasonable ne- gotiations with the Emperor Charles V. and the King of England (Henry VIII.), and eventually fled from France to put his sword at the service of the former. He was received with honor by Charles, and, being made general of a division of the Imperial army, contributed greatly to the overwhelming defeat of Francis at Pavia. But the Bourbon found Charles V. false to his promises, and returned. disappointed and desperate, to the com mand of his army in Italy, composed mostly of mercenaries, adventurers, and desperadoes from all Europe. Supplies falling short, the Constable formed the daring resolve of leading his soldiers to Rome and paying them with the plunder of the Eternal City. On May 6, 1527, his troops took Rome by storm, and the sacking and plundering continued for months. But the Bourbon himself was shot at the head of his soldiers. He was but 38 years of age. BOURBON, LOUIS HENRI, DUC DE, a French courier; Prince of Conde, born in Versailles, in 1692. As Chief of the Council of Regency and superintendent of the King's education, he robbed the public treasury and extorted huge bribes. He was made Prime Minister in 1723, and persecuted the Protestants. He died in Chantilly, Jan. 27, 1740. BOURBON WHISKY, a term applied to Kentucky whisky, made from a mix- ture of corn, rye, and malt. In its dis- tillation some of the oils and acids are allowed to remain. These, with age, un- dergo chemical action, and are converted into aromatic ethers. BOURDALOUE, LOUIS (b6r-da-l6') , a Jesuit, and one of the greatest preach- ers France ever produced, was born in 1632. The extreme popularity of his sermons induced his superiors to call him to Paris where at their Church of St. Louis, his eloquence attracted crowds, and he became the favorite preacher of Louis XIV., who, on the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, sent him into Languedoc to convert the Protestants. Toward the latter part of his life he rarely ascended the pulpit, and devoted himself to attending the sick, visiting the prisons and other works of charity; and died in 1704 universally lamented. BOURGEOIS, a size of printing type larger than brevier and smaller than long primer, used in books and news- papers; now supplanted by 9-point type. BOURGEOIS, LEON VICTOR AU- GUSTE, a French statesman, born in Paris in 1851. He received a careful education at the Lycee Charlemagne and was destined for the law, which profes- sion he followed for some time, though his inclinations drew him more and more into the domain of politics. He rose step by step from minor offices until he be- came Minister of Public Instruction in the French Cabinet, 1890-1892. Follow- ing this, he held a place in many cabi- nets and was Premier, 1895-1896. In po- litical life he has been a radical by con- viction, but has shown great talent in ^
