BBOTHEBS 198 BKOUGHTON within the Protestant Churches, single brotherhoods have been formed, as the Rauhes Haus, founded by Wichern at Hamburg in 1833. Several similar in- stitutions for women exist within the Church of England. See Sisterhoods, BROTHERS, a name given to three isolated mountains near the coast of New South Wales, between Harrington Inlet to the S. and Port Macquarie to the N. They are valuable as landmarks. The name is also common to several groups of small islands. BROTHERS, a term applied to the members of monastic and military or- ders, as being united in one family. Lay brothers were an inferior class of monks employed in monasteries as servants. Though not in holy orders, they were bound by monastic rules. BROTHERS OF THE CHRISTIAN SCHOOLS, a Roman Catholic Order formed by the Abbe La Salle at Rheims, and confirmed by Benedict XIII. in 1725. Its members are not allowed to enter the priesthood, but devote themselves to teaching the poor. There are branches of the Order in the United States as well as in most European countries. BROUGHAM, named after Lord Brougham, a four-wheeled closed car- riage with a single inside seat for two persons, or a similar carriage with two seats, each accommodating two persons. The seat for the driver is elevated. BROUGHAM, HENRY PETER (bro'- am or brom), LORD BROUGHAM AND VAUX, a British statesman, orator, and author, born in Edinburgh, Sept. 19, 1778; entered the University of Edin- burgh in 1792. In 1802 he helped to found the "Edinburgh Review," and was one of the chief contributors. His ar- ticle on Byron's "Hours of Idleness" pro- voked the poet to write his "English Bards and Scotch Reviewers." In 1810 Brougham entered Parliament, where his remarkable eloquence gave him at once a commanding place. He was coun- sel for Queen Caroline In George IV.'s suit against her (1820), winning a de- cisive victory. He became Lord Chan- cellor in 1830, and was at the same time created a baron; he resigned on the de- feat of the Whigs in 1834, and never again held public office. His later years were passed partly in England, and partly at Cannes. He was the steadfast and powerful champion of revision and reform of the laws, popular education, the abolition of slavery, and the main- tenance of peace. The famous Reform Bill of 1832 was carried largely by his agency. His miscellaneous writings in their collected edition (11 vols., 1855- 1861) cover a vast number and variety of subjects. His best works are his LORD BROUGHAM "Sketches of the Statesmen of the Time of George III." and "Lives of Men pf Letters and Science." He died in Cannes, France, May 7, 1868. BROUGHAM, JOHN, An American actor and playwright, bom in Dublin, Ireland, May 9, 1810; made his debut as an actor in England in 1830. He came to the United States in 1842, and, with the exception of a short return trip to England in 1860, remained here until his death. He was the author of over 100 comedies, farces, and burlesques. Among his most successful plays were "Vanity Fair," "The Irish Emigrant," "The Game of Love," and "London As- surance," written in collaboration with Dion Boucicault. He was also author of sketches entitled "Basket of Chips" (1855) and "Bunsby Papers." He died in New York, June 7, 1880. BROUGHTON, RHODA, an English novelist, born in Segrwyd Hall, Denbigh- shire, Wales, Nov. 29, 1840. She was the daughter of a clergyman, and resided at Broughton Hall, Cheshire. Her novels are very popular, and include "Cometh Up as a Flower" (1867); "Not Wisely but Too Well" (1867); "Red as a Rose Is She" (1870); "Good-bye, Sweetheart" (1872) ; "Nancy" (1873) ; "Belinda"
