BUDDHISM 222 BUENA VISTA the latter part of the 19th century, a very extensive literature on the history, philosophy, precepts, and observances of Buddhism. The Rev. G. Smith points out resem- blances betvi^een Buddhism and Roman Catholicism (these, it may be added, were first discovered by the Jesuit mis- sionaries, who were grea.tly perplexed by them): "There is the 'monastery, celi- bacy, the dress and caps of the priests, the incense, the bells, the rosary of beads, the lighted candles at the altar, the same intonations in the services, the same ideas of purgatory, the praying in an unknown tongue, the offerings to de- parted spirits in the temple." The clos- est similarity is in Lamaism, an ampli- fication of Buddhism in Tibet. But most of the resemblances are ceremonial; there is no close similarity in doctrine between the two faiths. BUDDHISM, ESOTERIC. See Theos- OPHY. BUDDING, the art of multiplying plants by causing the leaf bud of one species or variety to grow upon the branch of another. The operation con- sists in shaving off a leaf bud, with a portion of the wood beneath it, which portion is afterward removed by a sudden jerk of the operator's finger and thumb, aided by the budding knife. An incision in the bark of the stock is then made in the form of a T; the two side lips are pushed aside, the bud is thrust between the bark and the wood, the upper end of its bark is cut to a level with the cross arm of the T, and the whole is bound up with worsted or other soft fastening, the point of the bud being left exposed. In performing the operation, a knife with a thin, flat handle and a blade with a peculiar edge is required. The bud must be fully formed; the bark of the stock must separate readily from the wood below it; and young branches should always be chosen, as having be- neath the bark the largest quantity of cambium or viscid matter out of which tissue is formed. The maturer shoots of the year in which the operation is performed are the best. The autumn is the best time for budding, though it may also be practiced in the spring. BUDDLEA, or BUDDLEIA, a genus of plants belonging to the order scrophu- larmcese (figworts). The species are evergreen or deciduous shrubs from this country, Africa or Asia. B. neemda is one of the most beautiful plants in India. B. glohosa, from Chile, is also highly ornamental. Fully 60 species of buddlea are known. BUDGET, the annual statement rela- tive to the finances of a country, made by the proper financial functionary, in which is presented a balance sheet of the actual income and expenditure of the past year, and an estimate of the in- come and expenditure for the coming year, together with a statement of the mode of taxation proposed to meet such expenditure. BUDRUN, a seaport town of Asiatic Turkey, on the N. shore of the Gulf of Kos, about 96 miles S. of Smyrna. It is the site of the ancient Halicarnassus, the birthplace of Herodotus and Dionysius. Pop. about 6,000. BUDWEIS (bod-vis', Czech BuDB- jovice), a town of Bohemia, Czecho- slovakia, on the navigable Moldau, 77 miles S. of Prague. It has a cathedral with a detached belfry dating from about 1550, manufactures of stoneware, machines, lead pencils, beer, saltpeter; and trade in grain, wood, coals, and salt. Pop. about 45,000. In the neighborhood is Schloss Frauenberg (1840-1847), the seat of Prince Schwarzenberg. BUEL, CLARENCE CLOUGH, an American editor and author, born at Laona, Chautauqua co., N. Y., July 29, 1850. He was connected with the New York "Tribune" from 1875 to 1881; from _ 1881-1914 successively assistant, associate, and advisory editor of "Century Magazine"; edited in conjunc- tion with Robert Underwood Johnson, "Battles and Leaders of the Civil War" (4 vols., 1887). BUELL, DON CARLOS, an American military officer, bom near Lowell, O., March 23, 1818. He was graduated at West Point, in 1841, and served in the Mexican War. When the Civil War broke out he was adjutant-general of the regular army, and was made a Brigadier- General of Volunteers and attached to the Army of the Potomac. In November, 1861, he succeeded Gen. W. T. Sherman in command of the Department of the Ohio. He resigned from the volunteer service on May 23, 1864, and on June 1, following, also resigned his commission in the regular army. He was President of the Green River (Ky.) Iron Works from 1865 to 1870, when he engaged in coal mining. From 1885 to 1890 he served as United States Pension Agent at Louisville. He died near Rockport, Ky., Nov. 19, 1898. BUENA VISTA, a village of Mexico, 7 miles S. of Saltillo, where, on Feb. 22- 23, 1847, some 5,000 United States troops, under Taylor, defeated 20,000 Mexicans under Santa Anna.
