BULKHEAD 232 BULLA-IID who claimed that the principle of self- determination was violated by the terri- torial provisions. BULKHEAD, a partition made across a ship, whereby one part is divided from another; also, a wood or stone construc- tion designed to prevent earth or water from falling or flowing into the space protected by a bulkhead. A bulkhead line is a line a given distance from the shore, beyond which it is not permissible to build a dock, according to the rules of the War Department at Washington. BULKELEY, MORGAN GARDINER, American statesman; born at East Haddam, Conn., Dec. 26, 1838. He was educated at the Hartford high school; v/as for several years a merchant in Brooklyn, and served in the 13th N. Y. Regiment during the Civil War. Re- turning to Hartford in 1872, he organized and was first president of the United States Bank there. He became presi- dent of the Aetna Life Insurance Com- pany in 1879; was mayor of Hartford from 1880 to 1888; and from 1889 to 1893 was Governor of Connecticut. In 1905 he was elected United States Senator and served until 1911. BULL, the male of any quadruped of the bovidas family. Also, a sign of the zodiac: Taurus. BULL, an instrument, edict, ordinance, or decree of the Pope, equivalent to the proclamations, edicts, letters patent, or ukases of secular princes. Bulls are written on the wrong side of parchment, to which a leaden seal is affixed, and are granted for the consecration of bishops, the promotion to benefices, and the celebration of jubilees, etc. The publication of papal ^ bulls is termed fulmination; and it is done by three commissioners, to whom they are usually addressed. Bulls are generally desig- nated by the first words of their text; thus, the B. Unigenitus, or In Cena Domini, etc. Golden Bull is the term particularly applied to a statute or enactment of the Emperor Charles IV., published in 1356, in two diets held in succession at Nurem- berg and Metz, for the purpose of fixing the laws in the election of the Emperor, and of regulating the number and privi- leges of the electors (Churfursten) . The original copy of this instrument is pre- served at Frankfort-on-the-Main, and has a seal of gold appendant; whence the appellation "golden bull" is derived. BULL, JOHN, the popular sobriquet or characteristic name applied to the English nation. BULL, OLE BORNEMANN, a Nor- wegian violinist, born in Bergen, Feb. 5, 1810. He secured great triumphs both throughout Europe and in the United States by his wonderful playing. He lost all his money in a scheme to found a colony of his countrymen in Pennsyl- vania, and had to take again to his violin to repair his broken fortunes. He after- ward settled in Cambridge, Mass., and had also a summer residence in his native city, where he died, Aug. 17, 1880. BULLACE, the English name of a tree, the prunus communis, variety in- sititia. It is akin to the variety spinosa (the sloe), but differs in having the peduncles and under side of the leaves pubescent and the branches slightly v spinous, whereas the spinosa has the peduncles glabrous, the leaves ultimately so also, and the branches decidedly spinous. BULLiB, miniature blisters, or blebs. They are larger than vesicles, with a large portion of cuticle detached from the skin and a watery transparent fluid between. The skin beneath is red and inflamed. BULLARD, ROBERT LEE, an Amer- ican army officer; bom at Youngsboro, Ala., in 1861. He graduated from West Point Military Academy in 1885. He served in Cuba and the Philippines. In 1917 he was made major-general, and GEN. R. L. BULLARD in January, 1918, was appointed Com- mander of the First Division of the A. E. F. in France. He distinguished himself in the campaigns of 1918 at St. Mihiel and in the Argonne, where he commanded the American Second
