his squire, and of a dreadful dragon near Cologne. His famous sword Morglay he won in battle; his horse Arundel was the gift of Josian. Still more romantic episodes in his story are his carrying his own death-warrant in a sealed letter to the vassal Brademond, his escape from his noisome dungeon after seven years' imprisonment and recovery of his wife, who had preserved his love, though nominally the wife of King Ynor of Mombraunt. He next returned to Eng- land to avenge his father's death, then sailed for Ermony and defeated Ynor in a desperate battle. His last great fight was in the streets of London, when he slaughtered 60,000 citizens, and forced King Edgar to grant him terms. The romance was edited by Dr. E. Kölbing for the Early English Text Society, in 1885.
BEWICK, THOMAS, an English wood engraver, born in Northumberland in 1753. He was apprenticed to Beilby, an engraver in Newcastle, and executed the woodcuts for Hutton's "Mensuration" so admirably that his master advised him to turn his attention to wood engraving. With this view he proceeded to London, and, in 1775, received the Society of Arts prize for the best wood engraving. Returning to Newcastle, he entered into partnership with Beilby, and became known as a skilled wood engraver and designer by his illustrations to "Gay's Fables," Æsop's Fables," etc. He quite established his fame by the issue, in 1790, of his "History of Quadrupeds." In 1797 appeared the first, and in 1804 the second, volume of his "British Birds," generally regarded as the finest of his works. Among his other works may be cited the engravings for Goldsmith's "Traveller," and "Deserted Village," Parnell's "Hermit," and Somerville's "Chase." He died in 1828.
BEYERS, CHRISTIAN FREDERICK, a South African general, born 1869; died Dec. 8, 1914. He chose the law as a profession, but served with distinction during the Boer War (1899-1902) and rose in rank until he became assistant commandant-general. A notable exploit was his capture of the British camp at Nooitgedacht. After the close of the active fighting, he was chairman of the congress that met at Vereeniging to draft the treaty of peace. He later became speaker of the Transvaal Assembly. When the World War broke out, he thought he saw an opportunity to throw off British rule, to which he had never been in heart reconciled, and reestablish Boer control. He became a leading figure in a conspiracy that included De Wet, Delarey, and other former Boer leaders, and that received a stimulus from a self-styled prophet whose "revelations" foretold the overthrow of the British. Beyers, at the head of volunteers, advanced against Pretoria, but was utterly defeated by General Botha and forced to flee with only a remnant of his followers into the Orange Free State. Here he suffered other reverses, and while in rout and attempting to cross the Vaal river, Dec. 8, 1914, fell from his horse and was drowned. His associates in the rebellion were also defeated and the movement suppressed.
BEYLE, MARIE HENRI (bāl), better known under the pseudonym of "Stendhal," a French novelist and critic, born in Grenoble, Jan. 23, 1783. Among Forence in 1817," "History of Painting his works are: "Rome, Naples and in Italy," and "About Love"; but his celebrity now rests principally upon "The Chartreuse of Parma," original, witty and absorbing; and to a less extent upon "The Red and the Black." He died in Paris, March 23, 1842.
BEYRUT, or BEIRUT, a vilayet of Syria, formerly a possession of Turkey: By the terms of the Treaty of Peace between that country and the Allied Powers, Beyrut became a part of the independent state of Syria, over which France was given mandatory power. See Syria. The vilayet extends along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean from Latakia to Tripoli, and from below Sidon nearly to Jaffa. Area of vilayet 6,180 square miles. Pop. about 533,500.
BEYRUT, or BEIRUT, a city of Syria, and the chief port of Syria, the port for south shore of St. George's Bay, with a Damascus, southeast of Cyprus, on the lighthouse on the point beyond, picturesquely located at almost the very base of the Lebanon range of mountains. The city climbs a slope, has narrow, winding streets, is surrounded by many gardens, and is correctly assumed to have the healthiest climate on the coast. The summers are hot, but the winters are mild and palms grow in the vicinity. The city and the neighboring country were Turkish forces in 1920. See Turkey and the scene of fighting between French and Syria. The French language is more used than any other except Arabic. Pop. about 150,000.
BEZA, or BEZE, THÉODORE DE, a French Protestant theologian and reformer, born in Vezelai, in 1519. After studying at Orleans and Bourges, he 2-Vol. II-Cyc
