vegetative surplus becomes poured into the flowering head, of which the flowering is more or less checked; the inflorescence becoming a dense corymb instead of an open panicle, and the majority of the flowers aborting, so as to become incapable of producing seed. Let a specially vegetative cabbage repeat the excessive development of its leaf parenchyma, and we have the wrinkled and blistered savoy, of which the hardy constitution, but comparative coarseness, becomes also more intelligible. Again a specially vegetative cauliflower gives us an easily grown and hardy winter variety, Broccoli, from which, and not from the ordinary cauliflower, a sprouting variety arises in turn.
The cabbage is biennial, consequently the main crop must be sown the autumn previous to that in which it is to be reaped. Field cabbages and the drum-head varieties that are used in gardens, being late in character, may be sown in July, or from the third week of that month to the second week of August. But the smaller and early sorts used in gardens should not be sown before the first week of August, nor later than the second week of that month. If the plants are reared earlier, they are apt to run to seed the following spring; and if, on the other hand, they are reared later, they will not acquire strength enough to withstand the cold of winter before it comes upon them. For successive crops to be used in the shape of young summer cabbages, one or two sowings may be made from the beginning of March to the beginning of April. Autumn-sown plants may be planted out in rows permanently as soon as they are strong enough. Additional plantations from the same sowing may be made in spring, to be followed by others, made at intervals, up till July, from spring-sown plants. Thus a close succession of usable. cabbage may be obtained the year round. In the northern parts of the United States, cabbages for the early summer market are sown about September, kept under glass or frames during winter, and planted out in spring. For later markets, the seed is sown in beds as early as possible in spring (about has brought into being, and by whom he March), and transplanted later. Cabbages are sometimes preserved for winter by inverting them and burying them in the ground. Cabbage coleworts may be obtained from any good early variety of cabbage. They are simply cabbages which are not permitted to form hearts, but are used while the leaves are yet green and the hearts more or less open. Three sowings should be made for the rearing of these: the first about the middle of June, the second about the same time in July, and the third about the last week of the latter month, or the first week of August. These sowings will provide crops of green cabbages from October till March or April, if the winter is not destructive, after which they begin to run to seed.
CABBAGE BUTTERFLY, a name given to several species of butterfly, especially Pontia, or Pieris brassica, a large white butterfly, the larvæ of which destroy cruciferous plants, particularly of the cabbage tribe.
CABBAGE MOTH (Mamestra brassicæ), a species of moth, the caterpillar of which feeds on cabbage and turnip leaves, and is sometimes very destructive. The caterpillar is greenish-black, and changes to a chestnut chrysalis in autumn. The perfect insect is predominantly of a rich mottled-brown color, with beautiful markings. The winter chrysalids should be destroyed when turned up in digging; the voracious grubs should be picked away from the cabbages, and the stems may be very profitably protected by making a ring in the ground with spirit of tar, quick-lime, or, best of all, gas-lime.
CABBAGE ROSE, a species of rose (Rosa centifolia) of many varieties, supposed to have been to have been cultivated from ancient times, and eminently fitted for the manufacture of rose water and attar from its fragrance. It has a large, rounded, and compact flower. Called also Provence rose.
CABBALA, or KABBALAH, a system of Jewish theosophy, bearing a certain similarity to Neo-Platonism. Its founders are considered by Dr. Ginsburg to have been Isaac the Blind and his disciples Ezra and Azariel of Zerona, who flourished between A.D. 1200 and 1230. It was designed to oppose the philosophical system of Maimonides. The cabbala represented God, called Ain Soph, meaning without end or boundless, as being utterly inconceivable. He has become known, however, by means of ten intelligences, named Crown, Wisdom, Intelligence, Love, Justice, etc., whom he created and now governs the world.
CABELL, JAMES BRANCH, an American writer, born in Richmond, Va., in 1879. He graduated from William and Mary College in 1898 and for a time worked on the staffs of several newspapers. He was a frequent contributor of short stories to magazines and also wrote verses, essays, and papers on historical and biographical subjects. His
