CADZAND 275 CiESAB 1742. At the outbreak of the Revolu- tion he was placed in command of a battalion and soon became brigadier- general. He fought at Trenton, Bran- dywine, Germantown, and Monmouth. In 1777 he organized the militia of east- ern Maryland. In 1778 he challenged and wounded Thomas Conway for plot- ting against Washington. His daugh- ter bee me, in 1800, the wife of Lord Erskine. He died in Shrewsbury, Pa., Feb. 10, 1786. CADZAND, or CADSAND, a small port of Zeeland, in Holland, near the Belgian frontier. It was a great medi- eval port; and here in 1337 the English, under Sir Walter Manny and the Earl of Derby, defeated the Flemings in French pay. CiECUM, the beginning of the great gut, commonly called the blind-gut, be- cause it is perforated at one end only; it is the first of the three portions into which the intestines are divided. Also a genus of mollusks, by some considered to be the type of the family csecidiae, but generally placed under the family tur- ritellidae. The species are recent or ter- tiary, commencing in the Eocene period. CAEDMON (kad'mon), an English poet; styled "the father of English song" on account of his epics of sacred history, written in old Northumberland dialect, mostly without titles, although one is called "Genesis." He died in 680. CAEN (kon), a town of France, in Normandy, capital of the department of Calvados, 125 miles N. W. of Paris, and about 9 miles from the mouth of the Orne, which is here navigable. There is a dock connected with the sea by a canal as well as by the river. It is the center of an important trade, the mar- ket of a rich agricultural district, and carries on extensive manufactures. One of the finest churches is that of St. Pierre, built in 1308. Two other remark- able churches are St. Etienne or Church of the Abbaye-aux-Hommes, built by William the Conqueror, who was buried in it, and La Ste. Trinite or Church of the Abbaye-aux-Dames, founded by the Conqueror's wife. The buildings of the former abbaye are now used as a college, of the latter as a hospital. Other build- ings are the castle and the hotel de ville. There is a public library of over 100,000 volumes, and a botanic garden. Lace is largely made here. Valuable building stone is quarried. Pop. about 48,000. CAERLEON (kar-le'on), a town of England, on the Usk, 18 miles S. of Monmouth. This was the Isca Siho-um of the Anglo-Romans, and was then of great importance, being the capital of the province of Britannica Secioida (modern Wales). At a later period it was famous as a seat of learning, and, in the 12th century, Giraldus Cambren- sis gave a lively picture of its wealth and magnificence. Many fine Roman remains have been, and are still, found here. Pop. about 2,000. C^SALPINIA, the typical genus of the leguminous sub-order ciesalpiniess. They are trees or shrubs, with showy yellow flowers, 10 stamina, and bipin- natifid leaves. About 50 species are known. The intensely astringent C coW- aria has legumes which contain so much tannin that they are valuable for tan- ning purposes. They are known in com- merce as dividivi, libidivi, or libidibi, and come from the West Indies and South America. C. cj-ista, also West In- dian, C. Echinata, from Brazil, and other species, produce valuable red, or- ange, and peach blossom dyes. The wood of the latter, given in powder, is tonic. C. brasiliensis, which, however, is not from Brazil, and is now called Pellophorum Linnsei, is said to produce the Brazil-wood of commerce. C. Sap- pan, from India, furnishes the sappan- wood. An oil is expressed from the seeds of C. oleosperma and other spe- cies. The roots of C. nuga and C. moringa are diuretic; the seeds of C. honducella are intensely bitter. Several Chinese species bear soap-pods, that is, pods which may be used as a substitute for soap. C.ffiSALPINIE.a;, one of the ^reat sub- orders into which the legummosjE are divided. They have an irregular flower, but not at all so much so as the papilion- aceae. The petals are spreading, the stamens adhere to the calyx. They are mostly 10 in number, though in rare cases less than five. They have purga- tive qualities. They constitute a notable and attractive feature of the vegetation in tropical countries. CffiSALPINUS (ses-al-pi'nus), the Latinized form of the name of Andrea Cesalpino, an eminent botanist and physiologist, born in Arezzo, in Tuscany, in 1519. He made his studies at Pisa, afterward lectured there, and had charge of the botanical museum. He died in Rome in 1603. His fame de- pends on his work, "Sixteen Books on Plants" (Florence, 1583), which com- menced a new epoch in systematic bo- tanical science. CffiSAR, the name of a patrician family of the Julian gens, claiming de-
