CAIN 280 CAINE soon became engrossed in politics, for which he had remarkable aptitude. He served several terms for Sarthe in the Chamber of Deputies and rapidly rose to eminence in debate. Betv?een 1899 and 1911 he was three times Minister of Finance in various cabinets. In 1911 he became Premier and Minister of the Interior. On Dec. 8, 1913, he became Minister of Finance for the fourth time. Various incidents in the handling of the affairs of his office caused him to be accused of political corruption, and a fierce campaign was waged against him by influential journals of the opposition, that of "Figaro" being notable for its bitterness. The editor of the latter was shot and killed in his office, March 16, 1914, by Madame Caillaux (see Cal- mette) on the ground that he was about to publish private correspondence re- flecting on her character. As the result of the tragedy, Caillaux was forced to resign his office as Finance Minister. The World War followed soon after, and here again Caillaux's name was con- nected with some ugly stories of graft and peculation in army supplies. In December of 1917 he with others was arrested and held for trial on the charge of carrying on treasonable correspond- ence with the enemy. It was shown that he had been more or less intimate with BoLo Pasha (q. v.) and the group of conspirators connected with the "Bonnet Rouge," and there were suspicious cir- cumstances connected with visits of his to Argentina and to Italy. The trial was postponed from time to time, partly be- cause the war engrossed so much of the nation's activity, and no doubt also be- cause of the formidable following among the Socialist element that Caillaux still had, despite the charges brought against him. It was not until after the war that he was brought to trial in 1920. He was convicted after a notable de- fense, condemned to a term of imprison- ment, against which the time he had al- ready spent in jail was credited and to the forfeiture of civil rights for a period of five years. He was also forbidden to live in the department of the Seine for ten years. CAIN, the first-bom of the human race, and the first murderer. He be- came an outcast, traveling to the E. of Eden, where he built a city and had a son, named Enoch. The Jewish tradi- tion is that he was slain by Enoch. CAINE, SIR (THOMAS HENRY) HALL, an English novelist and drama- tist; born in Runcorn, Cheshire, Eng., May 14, 1853; began his career as an architect in Liverpool. Contributions to the "Builder" and the "Building News" resulted in his becoming connected with journalism, and eventually he joined the staff of the "Liverpool Mercury," and wrote in the "Academy" and the "Ath- enaeum." He resided with Dante Ros- setti in London till the poet's death. Among his non-fictional publications are: "Sonnets of Three Centuries"; "Recollections of Rossetti"; "Cobwebs of Criticism"; "My Story." His skill as a novelist has been since exemplified in "The Shadow of a Crime" (1885) ; "A Son of Hagar" (1886) ; "The Deemster" (1887); "The Bondman" (1890); "The SIR T. H. HALL CAINE "Scapegoat" (1891); "The Manxman" (1894) ; "The Christian" (1897) ; "The Eternal City" (1901); "The Prodigal Son" (1904); "The White Prophet" (1909) ; "The Woman Thou Gavest Me" (1913) ; etc. Most of these had very large sales, both in England and in the United States, and were almost equally successful when dramatized or filmed. "The Christian" provoked much discus- sion, the verdict in England being gen- erally unfavorable to the motive of the book, while in the United States it was generally favorable. It was immedi- ately translated into most of the lan- guages of Europe, and provoked the same divided opinion everywhere. He traveled in Iceland (1890), in Russia (1892), on behalf of the persecuted Jews; and in 1895 visited the United States and Canada, where he repre- sented the Society of Authors, and ob- tained important concessions from th« Canadian Parliament as to the Cana-
