CAMDEN 302 CAMELLIA tern. There are 200 miles of paved streets and 115 miles of water mains. The educational facilities comprise 38 public schools with an enrollment of over 20,000 pupils besides a public and pri- vate high school. There are 9 banks with a combined capital of over $3,000,- 000. The principal industries are ship- building, worsted goods, oil cloth, boots and shoes, textiles, talking machines, foundry products, pens, and soups. The total assessed realty valuation in 1919 was $74,449,310. The net funded debt was $4,836,155. The budget was $1,- 874,286. History. — The city was chartered in 1828, and became an important com- mercial and business center with the in- corporation of the Camden and Amboy railroad in 1833. Pop. (1910) 94,538; (1920) 116,309. CAMDEN, a town and county-seat of Kershaw co., S. C. ; on the Seaboard Air Line, the Southern, and the Atlantic Coast Line systems; 32 miles N. E. of Columbia. It has extensive cotton and grain interests and is a health resort for sufferers from throat and lung troubles. Camden was the site of three noted , battles. On Aug. 16, 1780, the American forces under General Gates, 3,600 strong, chiefly militia, were totally defeated by Lord Cornwallis. In this ac- tion Baron De Kalb, commanding the right wing, was mortally wounded. Con- gress erected a marble monument in his honor on the street which bears his name; La Fayette laid the corner stone in 1825. On April 25, 1781, Greene, who had succeeded Gates, was attacked and worsted by Lord Rawdon at Hob- kirk's Hill, near Camden. On Feb. 24, 1865, Camden was taken by General Sherman, after a lively skirmish. CAMDEN, CHABLES PRATT, MAR- QUIS, an English statesman, youngest son of Sir John Pratt, Chief-Justice of the Court of King's Bench; born in 1714. After having studied for the law, he was called to the bar in 1738. After nearly 20 years devoted to close study and but little employment, he was appointed at- torney-general, and later lord chief -jus- tice. In 1765 he was raised to the peer- age as Baron Camden. He distinguished himself at once by his exertions in be- half of the American colonies, and in 1766 rose to the highest legal dignity, that of lord high chancellor. He died in London, April 18, 1794. CAMEL, a genus of ruminant qisad- rupeds, characterized by the absence of horns; the possession of incisive, canine, and molar teeth; a fissure in the upper lip; a long and arched neck; one or two humps or protuberances on the back; a broad elastic foot ending in two small hoofs, which does not sink readily in the sand of the desert. The native country of the camel is said to extend from Mo- rocco to China, within a zone of 900 or 1,000 miles in breadth. The common camel {Camelus BactHanus) , having two humps, is only found in the N. part of this region, and exclusively from the ancient Bactria, now Turkestan, to China. The dromedary, or single-hump camel {Camelus dromedarius, or Ara- bian camel) is found throughout the en- tire length of this zone, on its S. side, as far as Africa and India. The Bac- trian species is the larger, more robust, and more fitted for carrying heavy bur- dens. The dromedary has been called the race-horse of its species. To people residing in the vicinity of the great des- erts the camel is an invaluable mode of conveyance. It will travel three days under a load and five days under a rider without drinking. The stronger varie- ties carry from 700 to 1,000 pounds burden. The camel's power of enduring thirst is partly due to the peculiar structure of its stomach, to which are attached little pouches or water cells, capable of strain- ing off and storing up water for future use, when journeying across the desert. It can live on little food, and that of the coarsest kind, leaves of trees, nettles, shrubs, twigs, etc. In this it is helped by the fact that its humps are mere ac- cumulations of fat (the back-bone of the animal being quite straight) and form a store upon which the system can draw when the outside supply is defective. Hence the camel driver who is about to start on a journey takes care to see that the humps of his animal present a full and healthy appearance. Camels which carry heavy burdens will do about 25 miles a day; those which are used for speed alone, from 60 to 90 miles a day. The camel is rather passive than docile, showing less intelligent co-opera- tion with its master than the horse or elephant; but it is very vindictive when injured. It lives from 40 to 50 years. Its flesh is esteemed by the Arab and its milk is his common food. The hair of the camel serves in the East for making cloth for tents, carpets, and wearing ap- parel. It is imported into European countries for the manufacture of fin*' pencils for painting and for other pur- poses. The South American members of the family Camelidse constitute the genus Auchenia, to which the llama and alpaca belong; they have no humps. CAMELLIA, a genus of plants, order Ternstromiaceae (theads). It is. very
