CARDUCCI 349 CAREY while the citizens and merchants were marked by the diamonds {oa/rreaux, square tiles). The modern pack of cards consists of fifty-two cards, in four suits — two red, hearts and diamonds, and two black, spades and clubs; each suit con- sisting of three court or picture cards, the king, queen, and knave, and ten other cards distinguished by the number of their "pips" or spots, from ten to one respectively. The lowest of these is al- ways called the "ace," and the two and three are often called the "deuce," and "tray." The natural rank of the cards in each suit is, king highest, and so on down to ace lowest; but in many games this rank is varied, as in Whist, where the ace is put highest of all, above the king. Sometimes the pack of cards is reduced to 32 by excluding the six, five, four, three, and two of each suit; it is then called a "piquet pack." An im- mense variety of games are played with cards, some involving chance only, some combining chance and skill, the best of them furnishing very agreeable and in- tellectual amusement. Some are round games, in which any number of persons may join, as Poker, Hearts, Loo, Pope Joan, etc.; some are for four persons, as Whist, and Euchre; some for two, as Piquet, Ecarte, B^zique, Cribbage; and even for one, called Solitaire. CARDXTCCI, GlOSUt (kar-do'chi), an , Italian poet and philologist, bom in Valdicastello, Tuscany, July 27, 1836. He was made professor of Italian lit- erature in the University of Bologna in 1860. He had previously written essays on the history of literature; and a small volume of lyrics, "Rimes" (1857).^ But his poetical genius is better shown in the collections of his fugitive pieces pub- lished a little later: "Serious Trifles" and "The Decennials." His "Hymn to Satan" (1863), published under the pseudonym "Enotrio Romano" made an extraordinary impression, and was for- mally defended in "Satan and Satanic Polemics" (1879). The breadth and range of his genius, as well as his mas- tery of poetic form, are seen in the "Poems of Enotrio Romano" (1871) ; "New Poems" (1873) ; "Iambics and Epodes" (1882); "New Rimes" (1887). He died Feb. 15, 1907. CAREW. THOMAS, an English poet; born in 1598. He stood high in favor with Charles I., and was an intimate friend of the greatest poets and scholars of his time in England. His poems are light and airy, sometimes licentious, al- ways graceful and elegant in form. They are mostly songs or odes; he also wrote "Coelum Britannicum," a masque (1633). He died in 1639. ^^^^^ CAREX, a genus of plants, of the natural order Cyperacese (Sedges). There are numerous species found in cold, damp climates, the genus Cypei~us taking the place of Carex in the tropics. Carices are innutritions to cattle. C. ar&naria binds together the sand of the sea-shore. Its rootstock, with those of C. disticfm and C. hirta, is reputed to be diaphoretic and diuretic. The Lapland- ers protect their hands and feet against frost bites by placing the leaves of C. sylvatica in their gloves and shoes. The leaves of some species are used for tying the hops to the poles in English hop- grounds, and in Italy they are placed be- tween the staves of wine casks, are woven over Florence flasks, and some- times used for making chair bottoms. CAREY, HENRY, an English poet and playwright ; born about 1696 ; as the author of "Sally in Our Alley" his claim to the notice of posterity is a strong one, and "Namby Pamby" is another of his good songs. His farces, among them "Hanging and Marriage," are not so lively. He died in London in 1743. CAREY, HENRY CHARLES, an American economist, born in Philadel- phia, Dec. 15, 1793; trained in his father's publishing house, he accumu- lated a competence from the business and retired to devote himself to study. The "Essay on the Rate of Wages" (1836) and "The Principles of Political Economy" (1837-1840) won him an au- thoritative international position, in spite of what was then an extravagantly unorthodox opposition to Adam Smith and his followers. He next produced: "The Credit System in France, Great Britain, and the United States" (1838) ; "The Past, The Present, and The Fu- ture" (1848) ; and "The Principles of Social Science" (1858-1859). He died in Philadelphia, Oct. 13, 1879. CAREY, MATHEW, an American publisher and prose writer, born in Ire- land, Jan. 28, 1760. The best known of his political writings was his "Olive Branch" (1814). It was an effort to promote harmony among political par- ties during the War of 1812. It passed through ten editions. In 1819 he pub- lished his "Irish Vindications," and in 1822, "Essays on Political Economy." He died in Philadelphia, Pa., Sept. 16, 1839. CAREY, ROSA NOUCHETTE, an English novelist; born at London in 1840. She began her literary career in 1868 and speedily gained a large audi- ence, especially among young girls. She wrote nearly 40 works of which some of the best known are "Wee Wifie" . n— Cyc
