CARTAGENA 366 CARTERET CARTAGENA (kar-ta-ha'na) , capital of the state of Bolivar, Republic of Co- lombia; on a sandy island oif the N. coast, to the S. W. of the mouth of the Magda- lena, and communicates by four bridges with its suburb, Jessemani, on the main- land. Though it has the best harbor on the coast, its trade has greatly fallen off since the rise of Sabanilla. The streets are narrow, with high houses, but the place is well built, and possesses a col- lege, a handsome cathedral, and sev- eral churches. Founded in 1533, it was burned by Drake in 1585, but in 1741 repulsed an attack by Admiral Vernon. In 1815 the royalist General Morillo reduced the place by hunger, after a brave de- fense, but in 1821 it was again freed from the Spanish yoke. Pop., about 37,000. CARTAGENA, or CARTHAGENA, a fortified town and seaport of Spain, in the province of and 31 miles S. S. E. of Murcia, with a harbor which is one of the largest and safest in the Mediter- ranean, sheltered by lofty hills. The town is surrounded by a wall; the prin- cipal streets are spacious and regular. "When Spain was in a more flourishing condition Cartagena carried on a more extensive commerce than now, having also a greater population. It is still a naval and military station, with an ar- senal, dockyards, etc. Lead smelting is largely carried on, and there are in the neighborhood rich mines of excellent iron. Esparto grass, lead, iron ore, oranges, etc., are exported. Formerly very un- healthy, it has been greatly improved by draining. Cartagena was founded by the Carthaginians under Hasdrubal about 288 B. c, and was called New Carthage. It was taken by Scipio Africanus, 210 B. c, and was long an important Roman town. It was ruined by the Goths, and revived in the time of Philip II. Fop. about 105,000. CARTAGO, a town of Cauca, in Co- lombia, founded in 1540, on the Rio Viejo, three miles above its junction with the Cauca, and producing cocoa, tobacco, and coffee. Pop. about 10,000. CARTAGO, a town of Costa Rica, 12 miles E. of the present capital, San Jose, on a plain to the S. of the constantly smoking volcano of Irazu (11,500 feet). Founded in 1522, the place had 23,000 inhabitants in 1823, and was capital of the state till 1841, when it was all but destroyed by an earthquake. Pop., about 5,000. CARTE BLANCHE, a blank sheet of paper to be filled up with such conditions as the person to whom it is g^iven may think proper; hence an absolute freedom of action. CARTEL, an agreement for the de- livery of prisoners or deserters. Cartel- ship, a ship commissioned in time of war to exchange prisoners. CARTER (LOUISE), LESLIE, an American actress, born in Lexington, Ky., in 1862. She made her first appear- ance on the stage in 1890 in "The Ugly Duckling." Under the tuition of David Belasco she acquired great dramatic skill and her appearance in 1895 in "The Heart of Maryland" made an immense sensation. This was followed in 1898 by "Zaza" and in 1901 by "Du Barry." In 1910 she appeared in a play entitled "Two Women." She has also played in some of the plays by George Bernard Shaw. CARTERET, SIR GEORGE (kar- tra' or kar-ter-et'),one of the proprietors of New Jersey, born on the island of Jersey in 1599. He had a distinguished career in the British Navy, although he was expelled from the House of Com- mons on a charge of misappropriation of navy funds. He early manifested an interest in colonization and became, with Sir John Berkeley, one of the proprietors of New Jersey. He died Jan. 14, 1679. CARTERET, JOHN, EARL GRAN- VILLE, British statesman, born April 22, 1690. He received his education at Westminster School and Christ Church College, Oxford. Entering the House of Lords in 1711, as second Baron Carteret, he espoused the side of the Whigs, and in 1714 made his first speech in the House of Lords in support of the Prot- estant Succession. In 1719 he was ap- pointed by Stanhope ambassador ex- traordinary to Sweden, and succeeded in arranging two treaties of peace, the first between Sweden, Hanover, and Prussia, and the second between Denmark and Sweden. In 1721 he was appointed to one of the two foreign secretaryships, that for the "Southern Department" of Europe. In 1724 Carteret was appointed Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, serving until 1726, and again from 1729 to 1730. Though he came into collision with Swift over the Drapier prosecution the two be- came warm friends before Carteret left Ireland. Between 1730 and 1742 Car- teret took the lead in the House of Lords of the party opposed to Sir Robert Wal- pole. When this opposition succeeded in overthrowing Walpole, Carteret be- came the real head of the administration, but was driven from power by the Pel- hams in 1744, about a month after he became Earl Granville on the death of
