CAXAMABCA 390 CEBUB mander of the European forces, de- fended his position for some days with great gallantry, but, pressed by famine and loss of men, was at length induced to surrender to the rebels on condition of his party being allowed to quit the place uninjured. This was agreed to; but after the European troops, with the women and children, had been embarked in boats on the Ganges, they were treacherously fired on by the rebels; many were killed, and the remainder conveyed back to the city, where the men were massacred and the women and children placed in confinement. The ap- proach of General Havelock to Cawnpur roused the brutal instincts of the Nana, and he ordered his hapless prisoners to be slaughtered, and their bodies to be thrown into a well. The following day he was obliged, by the victorious prog- ress of Havelock, to retreat to Bitnoor. A memorial has since been erected over the scene of his atrocities, and fine public gardens now surround the well. CAXAMABCA, or CAJAMARCA (ka- ha-mar'ka), a department and town of Peru; area of the department 12,538 square miles; pop. about 443,000. The town is situated about 70 miles from the Pacific Ocean, 280 N. of Lima. Pop. about 10,000. It was the scene of the imprisonment and murder of Atahualpa, the last of the Incas. CAXTON, WILLIAM, an English printer and scholar, bom in the Weald of Kent, about 1422. His "Recuyell (col- lection) of the Histories of Troy," trans- lated by him from the French, appears to have been printed in 1474. It was the first book in English reproduced by typography. He set up a printing-office in Westminster, 1477; and on Nov. 18 of that year issued "The Dictes and Sayings of the Philosophers," folio, a work ever memorable as the first book printed in England. He printed in all 99 separate works, very many of them translated by him from the French; his translations even of Latin classic au- thors were made, not directly from the original language, but from French ver- sions. He died in 1491. CAYENNE (ki-yen'), a fortified sea- port, capital of French Guiana, on an island at the mouth of a river of the same name. A new town is connected with the older portion by the Place d'Armes, bordered with orange trees. The harbor is the best on the coast, but insecure and shallow. Cayenne is the entrepot of all the trade of the colony and was formerly chiefly known as a great French penal settlement. The cli- mate is extremely unwholesome for Eu- ropeans. The French took possession of the island in 1604, and again, after it had been held by the English and Dutch, in 1677. Pop. about 14,000. CAYENNE PEPPER. See Capsicum. CAYES, or AUX CAYES (kl), a sea- port of Haiti, on the S. W. coast, 95 miles W. S. W. of Port-au-Prince. Pop. about 15,000. CAYMAN ISLANDS, three islands situated about 140 miles N. W. of Ja- maica, of which they are dependencies. Grand Cayman, the largest and the only one inhabited, is 17 miles long and from 4 to 7 broad, and has two towns or vil- lages. The inhabitants, about 6,000 in number, partly descendants of the buc- caneers, are chiefly employed in catching turtle. The other two islands are Little Cayman and Cayman Brae. Total area, 225 square miles. CAYUGA LAKE, a lake of Central New York, noted for the picturesque scenery of its surroundings. It is a resort for tourists, navigable for small vessels; 38 miles long. CEARA (tha-a-ra'), a state of Brazil, on the N. coast, vnth an area of 40,253 square miles, and about 1,500,000 inhab- itants. The interior presents a succes- sion of wooded hills and wide plateaus; cattle-raising is an important mdustry; cotton, coffee, and sugar are largely grown; and iron and gold are found. The capital, Ceara, or Fortaleza, had formerly only an open roadstead, but extensive harbor improvements, with breakwater and viaduct, have been pro- vided. It is the terminus of a railway to Baturite and has a large trade. Pop. about 50,000. CEBU (tha-bo), one of the Philippine Islands, between Luzon and Mindanao, 135 miles long, with an extreme width of 30 miles. The chief products are sugar, hemp, tobacco, cotton, and rice. Area, 1,782 square miles. Pop. about 650,000. The town of Cebu, on the E. coast of the island, the oldest Spanish settlement in the Philippines, is a place of consider- able trade, and has a cathedral and sev- eral churches. It is about 360 ^ miles from Manila and has a population of about 46,000. There are valuable and extensive coal deposits near the town. CEBUS, a genus of American monkeys, characterized by a round head and short muzzle, a facial angle of about 60°, long thumbs, and a long, prehensile tail, en- tirely covered with hair. The species are numerous, all of a very lively disposition and gregarious habits, living in trees. They feed chiefly on fruits, but also on
