CHANCELLORSVILLE 420 CHANNEL ISLANDS political policy. The new constitution of the German republic provides that the Chancellor shall be appointed and dis- missed by the President, and shall sug- gest to the latter the appointment or dismissal of the other cabinet ministers. The Chancellor, however, under the new constitution, needs the confidence of the Reichstag for the fulfillment of his of- fice and must withdraw in the event that the Reichstag by explicit resolution withholds its confidence. The Chancel- lor shall preside in the government ad- ministration and shall conduct its af- fairs in accordance with an order of business which shall be determined by the administration and approved by the President of the Republic. He shall determine the line of policy and shall assume, responsibility therefore to the Reichstag. CHANCELLORSVILLE, BATTLE OF, one of the great battles of the American Civil War, fought at Chancellorsville, Va., May 2 and 3, 1863. Gen. Joseph Hooker commanded the Federal force, and Gen. Robert E. Lee the Confederate force. Although Hooker's army was su- perior in numbers, being about 130,000 against 60,000 of the Confederates, the advantage at the end of the battle lay with the latter. During a flank move- ment the 11th corps of the Federal army, under Gen. 0. O. Howard, was surprised and thrown into a panic near nightfall of the first day. The flank movement ex- tended so far that the bullets of the Con- federates were turned upon their own troops, and by their fire "Stonewall" Jackson was mortally wounded. The Federal loss was 18,000, the Confederate loss 13,000. CHANCERY, in law, a court having special defined power. The English Court of Chancery was the highest court of judicature next to the House of Lords. The Lord Chancellor presided in this court, having under him the Lords Justices and Vice-Chancellors, who acted for him in separate courts, and the Mas- ter of the Rolls, who had the keeping of all the rolls and records of the Court of Chancery, and also presided in a court of his own. The Court of Chancery was a court of equity. Under the Judicature Act of 187S the powers and jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery were trans- ferred to the High Court of Justice, and it now exists as the chancery division of that court. In the United States it is a court hav- ing equity jurisdiction. American courts of equity are, in some instances, distinct from those of law; in others, the same tribunals exercise the jurisdiction both of courts of law and equity, though their forms of proceeding are different in their two capacities. The Supreme Court of the United States, and the Circuit Courts, are invested with general equity powers, and act either as courts of law or equity. CHANDOS, a great English family, descended from a follower of William the Conqueror, the last representative in the direct male line being Sir John Chan- dos (died 1428), whose sister married one Giles Brydges. Their descendant, Sir John Brydges, was lieutenant of the Tower under Queen Mary, and was cre- ated Baron Chandos in 1554. James Brydges (1673-1744), eighth Lord Chan- dos, sat in Parliament for Hereford from 1698 to 1714, and was created Duke of Chandos in 1719. The lucrative post of paymaster of the forces abroad (1707- 1712) supplied means for building a pal- ace at Canons, near Edgeware, which cost £200,000, but was torn down at the duke's death. Here Handel lived two years, wrote anthems for the chapel service, and produced "Esther." In 1796 the title passed by marriage to the fam- ily of Grenville, the present dukes of Buckingham and Chandos. The third and last duke of this line died in 1889. CHANG-CHOW-FOO, or CHANG- CHAU, a city of China, is about 36 miles S. W. of Amoy, which is its port. It lies in a valley in the province of Fu- Chien, and is surrounded by hills and intersected by a river. It is the center of the Fu-Chien silk industry, and has an extensive trade, both domestic and foreign, in sugar and tea. Pop. about 1,000,000. CHANG-SHA, a city of China, capital of the province of Hu-Nan, on the Hang- Kiang, a tributary of the Yang-tse- Kiang. Chang-Sha has an important native trade, manufactures silk exten- sively. Pop. about 250,000. CHANNEL ISLANDS, a group of islands in the English Channel, off the W. coast of department La Manche, in France. They belong to Great Britain, and consist of Jersey, Guernsey, Alder- ney, and Sark, with some dependent islets. They are almost exempt from taxation, and their inhabitants enjoy be- sides all the privileges of British sub- jects. The government is in the hands of bodies called the "states," some mem- bers of which are named by the crown, while others are chosen by the people, and others sit ex officio. The islands have been fortified at great expense. They form the only remains of the Norman provinces on^e subject to England. Area 75 square miles; pop. almost 100,000.
