CHABLEMAGNE 425 CHARLEROI attended with all the scientific and lit- mar, and several Latin poems. His em- erary men of his court. pire comprehended France, most of Cata- He invited teachers of language and Ionia, Navarre, and Aragon ; the Nether- mathematics from Italy to the principal lands, Germany as far as the Elbe, cities of the empire, and founded schools Saale, and Eider, Upper and Middle of theology and the liberal sciences in Italy, Istria, and a part of Slavonia. In the monasteries. He strove to cultivate private life Charlemagne was exceed- his mind by intercourse with scholars; ingly amiable; a good father and gener- and, to the time of his death, this inter- ous friend. In dress and habits he was course remained his favorite recreation, plain and economical. In person he was CHARLEMAGNE His mother-tongue was a form of Ger- man, but he spoke several languages readily, especially the Latin, and was naturally eloquent. He sought to im- prove the liturgy and church music, and attempted unsuccessfully to introduce uniformity of measures and weights. He built a light-house at Boulogne, con- structed several ports, encouraged agri- culture, and enacted wise laws. He con- vened councils and parliaments, pub- lished capitularies, wrote many letters (some of which are still extant) , a gram- strong and of great stature. He was succeeded by his son Louis (le D^bon- naire). CHARLEROI, a borough of Pennsyl- vania, in Washington co. It is on the Monongahela river, and on the Pennsyl- vania railroad. Its industries, which are important, include mining and the manu- facturing of glass and shovels. Pop. (1910) 9,615: (1920) 11,516. CHARLEROI (shar-ler-wa') , a fortified and important manufacturing town of
