CHABLESTON 434 CHABLOTTE tains and a statue of William Pitt, erected before the Revolution. One of the arms was shot off by the English in 1780. There is also a monument to the Confederate dead. Mani(factures. — The principal indus- tries are fertilizers, textiles, foundries, machinery, carriages, furniture, flour, lumber, and clothing. In 1914 there were 190 plants with a capital of $29,- 268,513; products, $36,663,945, with 14,437 wage earners receiving as sal- aries and wages $10,383,087. Commerce. — The commerce of Charles- ton is extensive. The chief exports are cotton, cotton goods, cigars, tobacco, fruits, vegetables, lumber, and fertiliz- ers. The total commerce for 1916 was $320,048,883. Banks. — In 1918 there were 19 Na- tional, savings, and State banks, with aggregate capital and surplus of $5,- 077,899; deposits of $31,002,632; and re- sources of $40,367,069. The annual bank clearings exceed $175,000,000. Education. — There are 20 buildings devoted to school purposes, with 241 teachers, and 7,818 pupils. The annual expenditures are $291,324. For higher education there are the College of Char- leston, the Military College of South Carolina, the Medical College of South Carolina, and a number of high, nor- mal, and technical schools. Churches and Charitable Institutions. — Charleston has over 80 churches. The most prominent are St. Michael's, built in 1752-1761, with a tower which can be seen several miles out at sea ; St. Philip's (P. E.), the first church built in the city, in the graveyard of which lie the remains of John C. Calhoun; the Circu- lar Church (Congregational), and St. Finbar's Cathedral, rebuilt in 1890. Other noteworthy churches are Grace (P. E.), Westminster (Presbyterian), Citadel Square (Baptist), the Old Hu- guenot, Unitarian, Bethel and Trinity Methodist, and the Hebrew Synagogue. The most prominent charitable institu- tions are the Orphan House, founded in 1792, the oldest of its kind in the United States; the Enston Home for the Aged; Home for Widows and Daughters of the Confederate Soldiers; the City and the Roper Hospitals; the Alms House, and the Old Folks' Home for Aged Colored People. Among charitable societies are St. Andrew's Society, founded by Scotch- men in 1720, the oldest society in the city, and the South Carolina Society, founded by the Huguenots in 1736, formerly the Two-Bit Club, so called from the sum contributed by each member at each meeting, for the relief of the indigent among themselves. Finances. — In 1919 the funded debt was $4,118,000. The total assessed realty valuation was $16,551,978. The budget was $921,758. The tax rate was 3.35. History. — Charleston was founded in 1670, receiving from France about 1685 a large influx of Protestant refugees. It was taken by the British in 1780, but evacuated in 1782, It was here that the first open movement was made in favor of secession. In 1860 and 1861 the har- bor was the scene of several conflicts, and Fort Sumter was reduced to ruins. The harbor was blockaded in 1861, and several dismantled hulks were filled with stones and sunk in order to prevent pass- age. In August, 1863, the city was bom- barded, and in February, 1865, after 565 days of continuous military operations, during which period 2,550 shells reached the city, it was occupied by Federal troops. On Aug. 31 and Sept. 1, 1886, the city was partially destroyed by an earthquake. Earth tremblings con- tinued for some months thereafter, but with indomitable energy the city was soon restored to its former beauty and prosperity. On Dec. 1, 1901, a South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition was opened here. CHABLESTON, a city, capital of the State of West Virginia, and county-seat of Kanawha county, at the junction of the Kanawha and Elk rivers, on the Chesapeake and Ohio, and other rail- roads, 130 miles S. by W. of Wheeling. It is an important commercial and coal mining center, with steamer communica- tions with all Ohio and Mississippi river ports; has extensive salt springs, State house. Custom house, hospital and opera house, several National banks, and daily and weekly newspapers, etc. Pop. (1910) 22,996; (1920) 39,608. CHABLESTOWN Boston. (Mass.). See CHABLES TOWN, a village and county-seat of Jefferson co., W. Va.; on the Baltimore and Ohio, and the Norfolk and Western railroads, 10 miles S. W. of Harper's Ferry. It is the center of an agricultural region, is noted as being the place of the capture, trial, and execu- tion (Dec. 2, 1859), of John Brovsoi, and has a National bank, several weekly newspapers, etc. CHAB-LOCK, a small cruciferous plant with yellow flowers, commonly called wild mustard. It is very common and troublesome in cornfields. CHABLOTTE, a city of Michigan, the county-seat of Eaton co. It is on the Grand Trunk and the Michigan Central
