BLACKWELL 54 Locust and Mulberry forks; flows into the Tombigbee near Demopolis; navigable in its lower course to Tuscaloosa; 300 miles long. BLACKWELL, a city of Oklahoma, in Kay CO. It is on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe, and the Frisco Line rail- roads, and the Shicaska river. There are parks, and several handsome public build- ings. The town is the seat of the Okla- homa State College. The industries in- clude clay, brick, glass works, and flour mills. Pop. (1910) 3,266; (1920) 7,174. BLACKWELL, MRS. ANTOINETTE LOUISA (BROWN), an American woman suffragist and Unitarian minister, born at Henrietta, N. Y., May 20, 1825. A graduate of Oberlin (1847), she "preached on her own orders," at first in Congregational churches, becoming at length a champion of women's rights. She married Samuel C, a brother of Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell (1856). She has written "Shadows of Our Social System" (1855); "The Island Neighbors" (1871), a novel of American Life; "Sexes Throughout Nature" (1875) ; "Sea Drift" (1903) ; "The Making of the Universe" (1914); "The Social Side of Mind and Action" (1915). BLACKWELL, ELIZABETH, an American physician and medical and ethical writer, born at Bristol, England, 1821. She is the first woman who ever obtained the degree of M. D. in the United States (1849), beginning prac- tice in New York (1851). With her sister, Emily, she opened the New York Infirmary for Women and Children (1854), organizing in connection with it the Women's Medical College (1867). In 1868 she became professor in a woman's medical college that she had assisted in organizing in London. She has written "Laws of Life" (1852) ; "Counsel to Parents on the Moral Education of Their Children" (1879); "Pioneer Work in Opening the Medical Profession to Wom- en," etc. She died in London, 1910. BLACKWELL, LUCY STONE, an American woman suff'ragist, born in West Brookfield, Mass., Aug. 13, 1818; was graduated at Oberlin College in 1847; became a lecturer on woman suffrage, and a contributor to the press. In 1855 she married Henry B. Blackwell, a mer- chant of Cincinnati. She died in Dor- chester, Mass., Oct. 20, 1893. BLACKWELL'S ISLAND an island belonging to the city of New York, in the East river, containing about 120 acres. On it are the penitentiary, alms- house, lunatic asylum for females, work- BLAIKIE house, blind asylum, hospital for ^ in- curables, and a convalescent hospital. Nearly all of these buildings were erected from granite quarried on the island, and by convict labor. The island is bordered by a heavy granite sea wall, also built by the convicts. BLACKWOOD, or INDIAN ROSE- WOOD, a leguminous tree of Hindustan (dalbergia latifolia), the timber of which is highly valued and much used in the manufacture of fine furniture. The Australian blackwood is the acacia melanoxylon. BLACKWOOD, WILLIAM, a Scotch publisher, born at Edinburgh, Nov. 20, 1776. He started as a bookseller in 1804, and soon became also a publisher. The first number of "Blackwood's Magazine" appeared April 1, 1817, and it has always been conducted in the Tory interest. He secured as contributors most of the lead- ing Tory writers, among them Sir Walter Scott, Lockhart, Hogg, Professor Wilson, De Quincey, Dr. Moir (Delta), Dr. Ma- ginn, John Gait, and others. The work of editor he performed himself. After his death the business, which had devel- oped into a large publishing concern, was carried on by his sons, and the magazine still keeps its place among the leading periodicals. He died Sept. 16, 1834. BLADDER, a membranous bag in man and the higher animals, designed for the reception of the urine, as it is secreted by the kidneys. This, being the most im- portant structure of the kind in the frame, is called, by way of prominence, the bladder; any other one is dis- tinguished from it by a word prefixed, as the gall bladder. BLADDER WORT, the English name of utHcidaria, a genus of scrophularia- ceous plants. Both the English and the scientific appellations refer to the fact that the leaves bear at their margins small bladders. BLAIKIE, WILLIAM GARDEN, a Scotch clergyman, born in Aberdeen, in 1837; was graduated at the University of Aberdeen; ordained a minister of the Established Church in 1842; joined the Free Church in 1843; and was appointed Professor of Apologetics and Pastoral Theology in New College, Edinburgh, in 1868. He was a delegate to the Presby- terian General Assembly of the United States in 1870; took a leading part in the formation of the Alliance of the Re- formed Churches; and was editor of the "Free Church Magazine" in 1849-1853, the "North British Review" in 1860-1863, the "Sunday Magazine" in 1871-1874, and
