and subsequently established many churches in Ireland. About 563 he landed in the island of Hy, now called Iona, and founded his Church. About 565 he went on a mission of conversion among the northern Picts, and traversed the whole of northern Scotland, preaching the Christian faith and founding monasteries, subject to that which he had set up on the island of Hy. The Columban Church was in some points of doctrine and ceremonial opposed to that of Rome. Shortly before his death he revisited Ireland. There is a well-known life of St. Columba, “Vita Sancti Columbae,” written by St. Adamnan, abbot of Iona. He died in Iona, 597.
COLUMBANUS, ST., a monk; born in Ireland about 540. He went to France in 590, and founded the celebrated monastery of Luxeuil, over which he presided for 20 years. The enmity of Queen Brunehaut caused him to be ordered back to Ireland, from whence he journeyed into Italy, where he founded the monastery of Bobbio in 615. The order of the Columbans was united to that of the Benedictines in the beginning of the 8th century.
COLUMBARIUM, a dove-cote or pigeon-house. When used in the singular Columbarium also signifies a particular kind of sepulchral chamber used by the Romans to receive the ashes of bodies which had been burned.
COLUMBELLA, a genus of mollusks, of the family Buccinidæ; small, prettily marked shells, with a long narrow aperture, a thickened and dentated outer lip, a crenulated inner one, a small lamellar operculum. Recent species known 205, fossil 8. The former are from the subtropical and tropical parts of the old and new worlds; the latter from the Tertiary.
COLUMBIA, a city of Missouri, the county-seat of Boone co. It is on the Wabash and the Missouri, Kansas, and Texas railroads. Its manufactures include lumber, elevators, packing, and shoes. There are also important farming, fruit-growing, and stock-raising industries. The city is the seat of the University of Missouri, Christian College, Bible College, and Stephens College. It has also several institutions for the education of women. There is a United States Government weather station and a memorial hospital. Pop. (1910) 9,662; (1920) 10,681.
COLUMBIA, a city of Lancaster co., Pa.; on the Susquehanna river, the Philadelphia and Reading, and the Pennsylvania railroads and the Pennsylvania and Susquehanna canals; 10 miles W. of Lancaster. The Susquehanna, here over a mile wide, is crossed by a bridge connecting with Wrightsville. This bridge is one of the longest in the United States. Columbia is the trade center for Lancaster and surrounding counties, and has numerous silk and lace mills, sugar refineries, ironworks, and brush factories. It is connected by electric railways with all nearby towns, and is lighted by electricity. It is the seat of Franklin and Marshall College, and has a public library, St. Peter's convent school, several newspapers and National banks. The city was founded as Wright's Ferry in 1726, by Quakers, and in 1798 it was one of the places voted upon for the National capital. The original bridge crossing the Susquehanna was burned in 1863 to prevent the Confederates marching on Philadelphia. Pop. (1910) 11,454; (1920) 10,836.
COLUMBIA, city, capital of the State of South Carolina, and county-seat of Richland co.; on the Congaree river near the junction of the Broad and Saluda rivers, on five railroads, and the Columbia canal. The city is built on a bluff, 15 feet above the river, has a fine park, and is noted for its beautiful shade trees and flower gardens.
The industries of the city are important, and include manufactures, cotton, fertilizers, lumber, iron, etc. There are National and private banks.
The city is well supplied with water and gas, and has abundant sources of water-power. The most noteworthy buildings include the State House, costing about $4,000,000; Executive Mansion, State Penitentiary, Insane Asylum, United States Government Building, City Hall, University of South Carolina, College for Women, Lutheran Seminary, Allen University, and a Presbyterian theological seminary.
Columbia was laid out in 1786, and the State Legislature first met there in 1790. During the Civil War a large part of the city was burned by the Federal troops, destroying the old State House with an extensive library, a convent, several churches, and the railroad depot. Pop. (1910) 26,319; (1920) 37,524.
COLUMBIA, a city of Tennessee, in Maury co. It is on the Louisville and Nashville, the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis, and the Nashville, Florence and Sheffield railroads, and on the Duck river. It is the center of an important agricultural region and is also of industrial importance. There are flour mills, lumber mills, marble works, phosphate works, etc. The city has a court house, military academy, a library, a
