softer animals — viz., mollusks; this has been since abbreviated into malacology.
CONCINI, CONCINO, an Italian, minister to Louis XIII.
CONCLAVE, the place where the cardinals assemble for the election of the Pope; also the electoral assembly of the cardinals themselves. Pope Gregory X., whose election had been delayed for three years, established in the council at Lyons (1274) the regulations of the conclave. The cardinals are shut up together in a particular suite of apartments in the palace where the pontiff dies, and they are supposed to have no communication with the outside world during the period of the election. The companion, either lay or clerical, whom the cardinal is allowed to take with him into the conclave during the election of a Pope is called a conclavist. The office is one of great delicacy and trust.
CONCORD, in music, the combination of two or more sounds pleasing to the ear. Concords are the octave, the fifth, third, and sixth. The two first are called perfect, because as concords they are not liable to any alteration by sharps or flats. The two last are called imperfect, as being alterable.
CONCORD, a town of Middlesex co., Mass.; on the Concord river and the Boston and Maine railroad; 20 miles W. of Boston. It is situated in a beautiful rural district, and has several manufacturing establishments. It was for many years the seat of the famous Concord School of Philosophy, and is the site of the Concord State Reformatory. It has a public library, high school, a National bank, and an assessed property valuation of $4,000,000. During the early part of the Revolution the Americans had a large stock of arms and military stores at Concord. Gen. Gage, the British Commander in Boston, hearing of this, sent a body of soldiers to destroy these stores, and on their way they fought the battle of Lexington, the first of the war. When they reached Concord they destroyed what stores they could find, but were soon driven off by the Americans (April 19, 1775). Concord is celebrated as the home of many famous writers, among them Emerson, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Miss Alcott. Pop. (1910) 6,421; (1920) 6,461.
CONCORD, a city, capital of the State of New Hampshire, and county-seat of Merrimac county; on the Merrimac river and several branches of the Boston and Maine railroad; 75 miles N. W. of Boston.
Concord has an abundance of water power supplied by near-by streams, and extensive manufactories of carriages, shoes, twine, electrical apparatus, silverware, leather goods, machine shop products, etc. Near the city are extensive quarries of a fine-grained white granite. There are three National banks and several private banking houses.
Public Interests.—The city is well laid out with finely shaded streets, is lighted by gas and electricity, and has an extensive waterworks plant. The noteworthy buildings include the State Capitol, a fine building of Concord granite, the City Hall and Court House, the State Prison, State Insane Asylum, and the United States Government buildings. There is an excellent system of public schools, and several private schools, including St. Paul's School for boys.
History.—Concord was settled by the whites in 1725, on the site of an Indian village, but till 1765 it was called Rumford. It became a city in 1853. It is noted as the place where Hannah Dustin, another woman, and a boy, who had been taken captive by Indians at Haverhill, Mass., killed the 10 Indians, when asleep, with hatchets, and so escaped. Pop. (1910) 21,497; (1920) 22,167.
CONCORD, a city of North Carolina, the county-seat of Cabarrus co. It is on the Southern railroad. There are manufactures of cotton, foundries, and machine shop. The city is the seat of the Jackson Training School and the Scotia Seminary. Pop. (1910) 8,715; (1920) 9,903.
CONCORDANCE, a book of reference in which all the words existing in a particular version of the Bible are arranged alphabetically — part of the verse being extracted with each, so that if one remember a notable word in any part of the Bible he may find, with scarcely any expenditure of time, where it occurs. A similar work may be constructed to enable students to find where each Hebrew word occurs in the Old Testament, or each Greek one in the New Testament or in the Septuagint. The first known Concordance of the Bible in any language was that of St. Anthony of Padua, who was born in 1195, and died in 1231. His work was called “Concordantiæ Morales,” and was of the Latin Vulgate. The first Hebrew Concordance was that of Rabbi Isaac Nathan, commenced in 1438 and finished in 1448. The first Greek Concordance to the New Testament was that of Xystus Betuleius, whose real name was Birck; it came forth in A. D. 1546. The first English Concordance to the New
