CBANE 186 CRANE form stem, ovate ever^een leaves; a ter- minal single-flowered peduncle, a four- parted revolute corolla, and a berry of a bright roseate hue. It is found in bogs. The berries are used for preserves and pies. CBANE, a machine for lifting weights, worked either by hand, or by steam, or by hydrauKc power. The most common hand form consisting of an upright revolving post and a projecting arm (usually at an angle of about 45°), the jib with a fixed pulley at its extremity. Whenever much hoisting or heavy work has to be done, steam or hydraulic power is always used; the cranes are then either stationary or portable, the latter type be- ing used whenever it is more convenient to move the crane to its work than the converse. The stationary power cranes differ from the hand ones mainly in their vastly greater power, and consequently greater size and complexity of gearing; where steam is used there are generally two direct-acting steam-cylinders, which replace the two handles worked by hand. The very powerful stationary cranes used in docks capable of lifting 50 to 75 tons are examples of this kind. Hydraulic power is very largely used in cranes for these places and in great steel -works; they are simpler in construction, a good deal of gearing being done away with; the water in the operating cylinder is always under great pressure. CBANE, any bird of the genus Grus, or the family Gruidss. The common crane is G. cinerea. The tip of the bill is horn- colored, its middle part greenish-black, the base reddish. The top of the head, which is naked, is of a red color; the plumage in general is an ashy-gray; the throat, neck, and occiput darker ; the feet black — length, 3 feet 8 inches to 3 feet 10 inches. It is a grallatorial bird, fre- quenting marshes. It is a migratory bird, in winter living in India, Eg^ypt, and other warm countries of the Old World, and in summer migrating to the N. In these passages it flies, generally by night, high in air, in a large wedge-formed flock, led by a single leader, or in long lines, and with discordant cries. Where it breeds, which is in the N. of Europe and Siberia, the nest is among rushes. The eggs, two in number, are pale bluish- green, with brown markings. CBANE, BOBEBT BBUCE, an American painter. He was born in New York in 1857, receiving his first lessons under Alexander Wyant, and later studying in Europe. He devoted his talent in the main to the portrayal of landscapes, such subjects as plowed fields and meadows covered with snow attract- ing him. Interesting examples of his work are "Autumn" (National Gallery, Washington) ;"Autumn Uplands" (Metro- politan, New York) ; "March" (Brooklyn Museum), "Springtime" (Peabody Insti- tute, Baltim.ore) ; "The Hiils," which won the Saltus prize (National Academy). He was a member of the National Acad- emy of Design and American Water Color Society. mmi THE CROWNED CRANE CBANE, CHABLES BICHABD, an American manufacturer and diplomat, born in Chicago in 1858. He was edu- cated in the Chicago public schools, en- tered the employ of the Crane Company, and became 1st vice-president in 1894 and president in 1912. In 1909 he was appointed minister to China, but resigned before assuming his oflicial duties. He was again appointed minister to China by President Wilson in 1920. In 1917 he was a member of the Diplomatic Com- mission to Russia, and was American commissioner on mandates in Turkey in 1919. CBANE, EBANK, an American clergyman and writer. He was bom in 1861 in Urbana, 111., was educated at Illinois Wesleyan University and or- dained to the Methodist Episcopal min- istry in 1882. A preacher in Methodist churches in Chicago from 1896, he joined the Congregationalists in 1903. After
