CUVIER 2S1 CUYUNI in Presbsrterian churches in Scotland, on which offenders against chastity were exhibited before the congregation and Bubmitted to the minister's rebukes before they were readmitted to church privi- leges. PUVIER, GEORGES CHRETIEN LEOPOLD DAGOBERT, BARON (ku- ve-a'), one of the greatest naturalists the world has produced ; born in Montbe- liard, France, Aug. 23, 1769. After finishing his education at Stuttgart, he accepted the situation of tutor in a Prot- estant family in Normandy. The Abbe Texier, whom the troubles of the time had driven into exile from the capital, introduced him by letter to MM. Jussieu and Geoffroy. Several memoirs, written about this time, and transmitted to the latter, established his reputation and procured his admission to two or three of the learned societies in Paris. In 1800 he was appointed successor to Dauben- ton as Professor of Natural History at the College of France, and in 1802 he succeeded Mertrud in the chair of Com- parative Anatomy at the Garden of Plants. From that time he devoted him- self steadily to the studies which have immortalized his name. His "Lessons in Comparative Anatomy," and the "Ani- mal Kingdom," in which the whole animal kingdom is arranged according to the organization of the beings of which it consists, have raised him to the pinnacle of scientific fame, and estab- lished him as perhaps the first naturalist in the world after Linn^us. His numerous memoirs and works on these subjects show a master-mind in the study of zoology; and extending the principles laid down in his comparative anatomy to the study of paleontology, he has been enabled to render immense service to geology. His "Animal King- dom" has been frequently translated, and forms the basis of all arrangements followed at the present time. Cuvier filled many offices of great importance in the State ; particularly those connected with educational institutions. Napoleon treated him with much consideration; Louis XVIII. and Charles X. advanced him to honor; and Louis Philippe raised him to the rank of a peer of the realm. He died in Paris, May 13, 1832. CUVILLIER, CHARLES, a French compose!'. He received his musical edu- cation at the Conservatoire de Paris tinder Professor Massenet. After hav- ing attained his degree of bachelor he made his entry into the Conservatoire and his training under Massenet was fol- lowed by his first operetta, "Avant-hier Matin," composed in collaboration with Tristan Bernard in 1905. It was played in Paris at the Capucines. His other works include: La Carte Forcee," "Son Petit Frere," "Les Rendez-vous stras- bourgeois," "Afgar," "Les Muscadines,'" "La Reine s'amuse," "Sappho," "Lilac Domino," "Florabelle," "La Fausse In- genue. CUYABA, the capital of the Brazilian state of Matto Grosso, occupies pretty nearly the center of South America. It stands on the left bank of the Cuyaba river, 980 miles N. W. of Rio de Janeiro. Founded by gold-diggers in 1719, and wrecked by an earthquake in 1746, it is now a well-built place, with a cathedral and 14,.500 inhabitants (1917). It can be reached by the rivers Parana and Paraguay, a voyage o-" 2,500 miles from Buenos Aires. CTJYLER, THEODORE LEDYARD, an American clergyman ; born in Aurora, N. Y., Jan. 10, 1822. He was graduated at Princeton College in 1841 and at Princeton Theological Seminary in 1846. From 1860 he was pastor of Lafayette Avenue Presbyterian Church in Brook- lyn, resigning to devote his time to liter- ary and reform work. He has written "Newly Enlisted," "Christianity in the Home," etc. He died Feb. 26, 1909. CTJYP, or KUYP, JACOB GERRITSZ, a Dutch painter; commonly called the Old Cuyp; bom in Dordrecht, Nether- lands, in 1575. Jacob Cuyp's representa- tions of cows and sheep, battles and en- campments, are clever, but his fame rests principally on his excellent portraits. His coloring is warm and transparent; his manner free and spirited. Cuyp was one of the four founders of the Guild of St. Luke at Dordrecht, and died after 1649. Albert Cuyp, Jacob's son, was also born in Dordrecht, in 1620. He excelled in the painting of cattle grazing or reposing, wintry landscapes, horse- markets, hunts, camps, and cavalry- fights; and in rendering effects of warm golden sunlight he is without a rival. During his lifetime and long after, Al- bert's pictures were held in little esti- mation. England is particularlj' rich in his works, the National Gallery possess- ing eight of his subjects. He died in Dordrecht, in 1691. Benjamin Cuyp, a nephew of Albert, was born in Dor- drecht, in 1608, and became a member of the guild there in 1631. He painted Biblical pieces of country life. His best v/orks are in the manner of Teniers. ^ CUYUNI, a river of South America, rises in Venezuela, flows first N., then E. through British Guiana, and joins the Mazaruni just above the confluence of the latter with the Essequibo. It has numerous rapids and falls; the lowest is
