DARTFOBD 268 DARWIN birds belonging to the Pelicanidm. The neck in all is exceedingly long. Plotus vielanog aster is the snake-bird, so called from the serpent-like form of the neck and head. The darters are natives of tropical America and Africa, and of Aus- tralia. DARTFORD, a thriving market-town of Kent, England; in the narrow valley of the Darent, 2 miles above its influx to the Thames, and 17 E. S. E. of London. Edward III. here founded an Augustin- ian nunnery (1355); St. Edmund's chantry was a great place of pilgrimage ; and at Dartford Wat Tyler began his re- bellion (1381). Pop., about 40,000. DARTMOUTH, a town of Massa- chusetts, in Bristol co. It is on the Paskamansett river. Its chief industries are poultry raising and dairying. There are also manufactures of box boards. There are three public libraries and other public buildings. The surrounding coun- try is a well-known summer resort. Pop. (1910) 4,378; (1920) 6,493. DARTMOUTH COLLEGE, an educa- tional (non-sect.) institution in Hanover, N. H.; founded in 1769; reported at the «nd of 1919: Professors and instructors, 121; students, 1,673; volumes in the li- brary, 150,000; productive funds, $4,500,- 000; income, $450,000; president, Ernest Mark Hopkins, Litt.D., LL.D. DARU, PIERRE ANTOINE NOEL BRUNO, COMTE (da-rii'), a French statesman, born in Montpellier, Jan. 12, 1767. At the age of 16 he entered the army, and at the breaking out of the Revolution adopted its principles. He at- tracted the notice of the First Consul, and, in 1802, became a member of the Tribunate. In 1805 he was made a coun- cillor <f state, and general intendant of the imperial household. He subsequently became the confidential friend of the emperor, and his prime minister. In 1812 he opposed the expedition to Rus- sia. On the abdication of Napoleon, he retired from public life, and, although exiled by the first government of the re- stored Bourbons, was recalled in 1819, and made a peer of France. He after- ward wrote a "Life of Sully" and a "His- tory of Venice." He died Sept. 5, 1829. D'ARUSMONT. MADAME FRANCES (da-riis-mon'), maiden name Fanny Wright, an American philanthropist and author; born in Dundee, Scotland, Sept. 6, 1795. She visited this country several times, and in 1825 made an unsuccessful attempt to establish a settlement for the elevation of the negro at Memphis, Tenn. In later years she lectured on social, re- ligious, and political questions. Among her works are: "Views on Society and Manners in America"; "Altorf," a trag- edy (1819) ; "Lectures on Free Inquiry" (1836). She died in Cincinnati, O., Dec. 2, 1852. DARWIN, CHARLES ROBERT, an English naturalist; born in Shrewsbury, Feb. 12, 1809; was the son of Dr. Robert Darwin and grandson of Dr. Erasmus Darwin. He was educated at Shrews- bury School, and at the universities of Edinburgh and Cambridge. He early de- voted himself to the study of natural his- tory, and in 1831 he was appointed natu- ^^^>k*7 hV L) w « N< ^VV 7, CHARLES ROBERT DARWIN ralist to the surveying voyage of H. M. S. "Beagle," commanded by Captain (after- ward Admiral) Fitzroy. The vessel sailed in December, 1831, and did not re- turn till October, 1836, after having cir- cumnavigated the globe. In 1839 he married his cousin, Emma Wedgwood, and henceforth spent the life of a quiet country gentleman, engrossed in scientific pursuits. In 1839 he published his "Journal of Researches During a Voyage Round the World"; in 1842, "Structure and Distri- bution of Coral Reefs"; in 1844, "Geolog- ical Observations on Volcanic Islands, Etc."; in 1846, "Geological Observations in South America"; in 1851 and 1854, his "Monograph of the Cirrhipedia," and soon after the "Fossil Lepadridae and Balaenidae of Great Britain." In 1859 his name attained its great celebrity by the publication of "The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection." This work, scouted and derided though it was
