DEPUTY 328 DERBY seven penitential psalms, the 130th of the Psalms of David, which in the Vulgate begins with these words, signifying, "Out of the depths." It is sung when the bodies of the dead are committed to the grave. DEPUTY, one who exercises an office as representing another. Chamber of Deputies : the lower of the two legislative chambers in France and in Italy, elected by popular suffrage, and corresponding in some respects to the House of Com- mons in Great Britain. DE QUINCEY, THOMAS, an Eng- lish author; born in Manchester, Aug. 15, 1785. He received a classical education at the grammar-school of Bath, and en- tered the University of Oxford in 1803, where he remained till 1808. While there he contracted the habit of eating opium. In 1809, after leaving Oxford, he resided at Grasmere for 27 years. Here he cul- tivated the friendship of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey, and other distin- guished authors. He made German lit- erature and philosophy his special study, and translated some of the works or Kant, Fichte, Schelling, Lessing, and Richter. At first he took opium only once a week, but gradually the evil habit grew upon him, and at last he took it daily. The consequences he describes in his prin- cipal work, "The Confessions of an Eng- lish Opium-eater." In 1823 he went to London, where he published his "Suspi- ria de Profundis," his "Templar's Dia- logues," etc. His published works include : "Letters to a Young Man Whose Educa- tion has been Neglected" (1823) ; "Logic of Political Economy" (1844) ; "Kloster- heim" (1839) ; etc. He died in Lasswade, near Edinburgh, Dec. 8, 1859. DERAJAT (der-a-jaf), the fluvial portion of Daman, itself a comparatively narrow strip in the Punjab, India, be- tween the Suliman Mountains and the Indus, and which, when duly irrigated, is singularly fertile. It is divided into four districts and has an area of 20,300 square miles, and a population (1891) of 1,643,- 600. Dera Ghazi Khan, the capital of one of the districts, is about 2 miles W. of the Indus. Pop. 27,886. Dera Ismail Khan, capital of another district, is 4V2 miles W. of the Indus. Pop. 26,884. DERBEND (der-bend'), or DER- BENT (der-benf) ("gateway"), a port and capital of the former Russian dis- trict of Daghestan, on the W. shore of the Casnian, 140 miles N. W. of Baku. It is charminofly situated among vineyards and orchards and fields of maize and madder, on the declivity of a branch of the Caucasus, which here approaches very close to the water's edge. Derbend is surrounded by ancient walls. The up- per city forms the citadel, and contains the splendid palace of the ancient khans, now the residence of the Russian gov- ernor. The harbor is inaccessible to all but small vessels; but a considerable trade is done at the four large markets held here yearly. Silk and cotton fabrics earthenware and weapons are manufac- tured, and saffron is cultivated. Derbend was long considered the key of Persia on the N. W. side. It was captured by the Arabs in 728, by the Mongols in 1220, and frequently changed hands before it was formally incorporated with Russian Caucasia in 1813. In 1920 Daghestan was in the hands of the Bolshevik gov- ernment of Russia. Pop. about 15,000. DERBY, a city in New Haven co., Conn.; at the confluence of the Nauga- tuck and Housatonic rivers, and on the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroad; 9 miles W. of New Haven. In 1893 the towns of Birmingham and Derby were consoli.lated and incorporated as the city of Derby. It is a manufacturing city of much importance and has abun- dant water power from the two rivers. There are extensive manufactures of brass and iron goods, paper, pins, type- writers, pianos, hosiery, guns, and am- munition, and at one time the old town had a large West India trade and noted shipbuilding yards. A bridge across the Naugatuck river connects Derby with the thrifty manufacturing city of An- sonia. It has several parks, daily and weekly newspapers and a National bank. Pop. (1910) 8,991; (1920) 11,238. DERBY, a municipal and parliamen- tary borough in England, capital of Derbyshire, on the Derwent, here crossed by an elegant bridge of three arches, 115 miles N. N. W. of London. It is pleas- antly situated in a wide and fertile valley open to the S., and is well and regularly built in the modern quarter. It has some fine public buildings, among which are the churches of All Saints, St. Alkmund, and St. Werburgh, the county hall, school of art, infirmary, etc. There is also a very handsome free library and museum. The principal manufactures are silk, cot- ton, paper, articles in Derbyshire spar, castings, and porcelain, etc. Derby is one of the oldest toAvns in the kingdom, and is supposed to owe its origin to a Roman station, Derventio, situated at Little Chester, on the opposite side of the river. Under the Danes it took the name of Deoraby. Richardson, the novelist, was a native of the town. Pop. (1919) 123,- 930. DERBY, EARL OF, a title conferred in 1485 on Thomas, second Lord Stanley,
