DICKINSON 354 DICTATOR and Political Science. His published writings include "The Greek View of Life" (1890); "The Trag-edy of the Puritan Revolution" (1891) ; "The De- velopment of Parliament During the Nineteenth Century" (1895) ; "Letters From a Chinese Official" (1903); "Re- ligion and Immor-tality" (1911) ; "The European Anarchy" (1916) ; "The Choice Before Us" (1917). DICKINSON, JACOB MC GAVOCK, an American public official, born in Co- lumbus, Miss., in 1851. He graduated from the University of Nashville in 1871 and studied law at the Columbia Univer- sity and at foreign universities. He was admitted to the bar in 1874 and from that date until 1899 practiced law in Nashville, Tenn, From 1899 to 1909 he was engaged in practice in Chicago. He was appointed assistant attorney general of the United States in 1895, serving until 1897. In 1903 he was counsel for the United States before the Alaskan Boundary Tribunal. He was on the legal staff of the Illinois Central Rail- road Company from 1889 to 1909. He was appointed Secretary of War by President Taft in 1909, serving until 1911, when he resigned. In 1907 and 1908 he was president of the American Bar Association, During the World War he was honorary president of the Chi- cago Branch of the National Security League. DICKINSON COLLEGE, a coeduca- tional institution in Carlisle, Pa.; founded in 1783, under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church; re- ported at the end of 1919: Professors and instructors, 15; students, 375. DICKMAN, JOSEPH THEODORE, an American soldier, born in Dajrton, O., in 1857. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1881 and was commissioned 2d lieutenant in the 8d Cavalry. He rose through the vari- ous grades, becoming lieutenant-colonel in 1899. He served during the Spanish- American War and was honorably mus- tered out of the volunteer service in 1901. In 1906 he was appointed major of the 13th United States Cavalry, and in 1909 became inspector-general. He was appointed lieutenant-colonel in the cavalry in 1912, and in 1914 was pro- moted to be colonel. He became briga- dier-general in 1917, and in the same year v/as appointed major-general in the National Army. In July, 1918, he was given command of the Third Division of the American Expeditionary Force, and he commanded the American Army of Occupation in Germany following the armistice. DICKSON, HARRIS, an American lawyer and writer, born in Yazoo City, Miss., in 1868. He was educated in the common schools and studied law at Co- lumbia University. From 1896 he en- gaged in practice in Vicksburg, Miss., and from 1905 to 1907 was judge of the Municipal Court of that city. He was the author of "The Black Wolf's Breed" (1899) ; "The Ravanel- (1905) ; "Old Reliable" (1912); "The House of Luck" (1917); "Unpopular History of the United States" (1917). He contributed numerous articles and fiction to maga- zines. In 1917 he acted as war corre- spondent in France for Collier's Weekly. DICKSON CITY, a borough of Penn- sylvania, in Lackawanna co. It is on the Delaware and Hudson Company, and the New York, Ontario and Western rail- roads. It is the center of an important coal mining region and has foundries, silk mills, and machine shops. Pop. (1910) 9,331; (1920) 11,049. DICOTYLEDON, in the singular, a plant having two cotyledons or seed- leaves, that is, primordial leaves, con- tained in the embryo. The majority of flowering plants have this structure. When therefore seed is sown, in most cases the future plant first appears above the ground as a tiny two-leaved existence, and in certain cases the next pair of leaves which appear, and all the future ones, are of a different structure from the first. The primordial pair of leaves are the two cotyledons. Their use in the economy of nature is to shelter the ordinary leaves situated inside. In the plural the highest class of the vegetable kingdom, containing orders of plants with the structure of seed just described. DICRANACE^, a family of apocar- pous operculate mosses, branching by in- novations or with the tops of the fertile branches several times divided. The leaves are lanceolate or subulate; cells prosenchymatous, rarely papillose; cap- sule oval or cylindrical, arched or straight. DICRANUM, a genus of mosses, the typical one of the family Dicranaceaz. DICTAMNUS, a genus of plants, be- longing to the order Rutacese, and found in southern Europe, Asia Minor, etc D. Fraxinella, false dittany, abounds in volatile oil to such a degree that the at- mosphere around it becomes inflammable in hot, dry, and calm weather. DICTATOR, a magistrate of ancient Rome, created in times of great emer- gency, distress, or danger and invested, during the term of his office, with abso- lute and unlimited power. The name
