DJEMAL PASHA 385 nearly as many mosques; but half the town consists of subterranean excava- tions in the rock, on account of the heat. DJEMAL PASHA, Minister of Marine in the Turkish Government at the time Turkey definitely decided to throw in her lot with the Central Powers, after the outbreak of the World War, in the fall of 1914. Djemal Pasha, though strongly pro-German, as were most of the leaders of the Young Turk party, then in power, was nevertheless supposed to be the re- straining influence which caused the Turkish Government to hesitate for some months after the outbreak of hostilities. After the arrival of the German cruisers, the "Goeben" and the "Breslau," in Con- stantinople, with several hundred tech- nical experts and marines to strengthen the Turkish Navy, he was finally won over and joined his colleagues against the Allied Powers. ' DNIEPER (ne'per) , a river of Russia which rises in the government of Smo- lensk, flows first S. W., then S. E., and latterly again S. W. to the Black Sea. It begins to be navigable a little above Smolensk, and has a total length, includ- ing windings, of 1,230 miles. Among its tributaries are the Beresina, the Pri- pet, the Desna, and the Psiol. In its lower course there are important fisheries DNIESTER (nes'ter), a river of Europe, which has its source in the Car- pathian Mountains, in Galicia, enters Bessarabia at Chotin, and empties itself into the Black Sea, after a course of about 750 miles. Its navigation is dif- ficult on account of frequent shallows and rapids. DOANE, WILLIAM CROSWELL, an American Protestant Episcopal Bishop, son of George Washington Doane; born in Boston, Mass., March 2, 1832. He was ordained to the Protestant Episcopal priesthood in 1856. Having served from 1863 to 1867 as rector of St. John's Church, Hartford Conn., he was made Bishop of Albany in 1869. Chancellor of the Regents of University of New York (1902). Publications: "Life of Bishop G. W. Doane," "Mosaics; or the Harmony of Collects, Epistles and Gospels" (1881) ; "Rhymes of the Times" (1901), etc. He died May 17, 1913. DOBELL. SYDNEY THOMPSON, an English poet; born in Cranbrook, in Kent, April 5, 1824. A passionate interest in Italian freedom inspired his dramatic poem "The Roman," (1850). His services to the cause of free institutions were heartily acknowledged by Kossuth and Mazzini. A later poem, "Balder," had less vogue. In 1856 he published a vol- ume of dramatic and descriptive verses DOCETiE relating mostly to the Crimean War, "England in Time of War." After his death a volume of essays was published "Thoughts on Art, Philosophy, and Re- ligion." He died in the Cotswold Hills, Aug. 22, 1874. DOBEREINER'S LAMP, a contri- vance for producing an instantaneous light, invented by Professor Dobereiner, of Jena, in 1824. The light is produced by throwing a jet of hydrogen gas upon recently-prepared spongy platinum, when the metal instantly becomes red hot, and then sets fire to the gas. DOBRUDJA, THE (do-brod'sha), a territory forming part of the kingdom of Rumania, included between the Danube, which forms its boundary on the W. and N., the Black Sea on the E., and on the S. by a line stretching from Silistria to a point a few miles S. of Mangalia. There are some fertile spots, but on the whole it is marshy and unhealthy. The popu- lation is of various nationalities, Ru- manians, Bulgars, Greeks, Turks, and Jews. The inhabitants support themselves by rearing sheep and bufi"aloes. The principal town is Babadagh. Pop. about 400,000. The territory was the scene of repeated fighting during the World War, and was invaded in turn by Rumanian, Austrian, and German armies. (See World War.) It was awarded to Ru- mania by the Peace Conference in 1919. DOBSON, AUSTIN, an English poet; born in Plymouth, Jan. 18, 1840. In- tended for a civil engineer, and educated abroad, he accepted a place under the Board of Trade. His poems are inim- itable in their artistic finish and grace of fr.ncy. They are contained in the vol- umes: "Vignettes in Rhyme and Vers de Societe" (1873); "Proverbs in Porcelain" (1877); "Old-World Idyls" (1883); "Eighteenth Century Vignettes" (1892) ; "Old Kensington Palace" (1910) ; "Ros- alba's Journal" (1915); "Prior Park" (1917). He has written biographies of Hogarth, Fielding, Steele, Goldsmith, and other literary notables, and contributed many articles to the English "Dictionary of National Biography." DOCETiE (do-se'tl), a name applied to those heretics in the early ages of the Church who maintained that Christ, dur- ing His life on earth, had not a real or natural, but only an apparent or phan- tom-like body. The bolder docetae as- sumed the position that Christ was born without any participation of matter; they denied accordingly the resurrection and the ascent into heaven. The milder school of docetae attributed to Christ an ethereal and heavenly, instead of a truly human body.
