DUNEDIN 438 DUNNE linens, canvas and bagging for export, and colored threads and gloves. Dundee possesses many shipyards, sugar refin- eries, tanneries, and machine shops. Its linen trade is the largest in Great Britain. Pop. (1918) 181,777. DUNEDIN (dun-e'din), capital of Ota- go, New Zealand; the most important commercial town in the colony; at the upper extremity of an arm of the sea, about 9 miles from its port, Port Chal- mers, with which it is connected by rail- way. Though founded in 1848, its more rapid progress dates only from 1861, whsn extensive gold fields discovered in Otago attracted a large influx of popu- lation. It is well paved, lighted with gas, and has a good supply of water. There are many handsome buildings, both pub- lic and private. Wool is the staple export. Several woolen and other manu- factories are now in existence. There is a regular line of steamers between this port and Melbourne, and communication is frequent with all parts of New Zea- land. Pop., including suburbs, about 70,000. DUNFERMLINE, a tovra In Fife, Scotland, 16 miles N. W. of Edinburgh; on a long swelling ridge, 3 miles from and 300 feet above the Forth, and backed by the Cleish Hills (1,240 feet), presents a striking aspect from the S. It is a place of antiquity, from 1057 till 1650 a frequent residence of Scotland's kings, and for more than two centuries their place of sepulture. It was here that Charles II. signed the Covenant in 1650. In 1911 the boundaries of the burgh were extended to the Firth of Forth. Con- siderable trade is done in linen manu- factured here. Pop. about 28,000. DUNKERQUE, or DUNQUERQUE, a fortified seaport town of France, de- partment of Le Nord, 40 miles from Lille. It is well built, and has several churches, a theater, concert hall, hospi- tals, a college, public library, and mili- tary prison, and is defended by a citadel. The churches are less remarkable for architecture than for the paintings they contain. Large sums were expended by the French Government on its harbor and docks; these it was agreed to de- molish at the peace of Utrecht, but their destruction was never completed, and at the peace of 1783 they were restored. In 1388 this town was burned by the Eng- lish; after which its possession was re- peatedly contested by the French and Snanish. In 1658 it was given up to the English by Turenne; and in 1662, sold by Charles II. to Louis XIV., for $1,000,000. It was made a free port in 1826. In Sep- tember and October of 1917 during the World War, the town was dfily bom- barded from sea and land, causing great wreckage and considerable loss of life. Population before the war about 40,000. DUNKERS, or DUNKARDS, a sect of German Baptists, founded by Alexander Mack, about A. D. 1708. Persecution drove them in 1723 to the United States, where they are now divided into four branches. DUNKIRK, city and port of entry of Chautauqua co., N. Y. ; on Lake Erie, and the Erie, the Nickel Plate, the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern, the Western New York and Pennsylvania, and the Dunkirk, Allegheny Valley and Pittsburg railroads; 40 miles S. W. of Buffalo. It is an important shipping port, having a good harbor and facilities for freight handling. Its industries in- clude a plant for the manufacture of locomotives, foundry, planing mills, grain mills, grain and coal elevators, and various other factories. It is a popular summer resort, with a beautiful park overlooking Lake Erie, and has a public library, orphan asylum, public schools, and national banks. Pop. (1910) 17,221; (1920) 19,336. DUNMORE, a borough of Pennsyl- vania, in Lackawanna co. It is on the Erie and the Lackawanna railroads, and adjoins Scranton. The borough is an im- portant anthracite coal region and there are manufactures of brick, stone, and silk. It is the seat of St. Mary's Aca- demy, and several homes for children and for the aged. Pop. (1910) 17,615; (1920) 20,250. DUNNE, EDWARD FITZSIMONS, an American public official; born in Waterville, Conn., in 1853. He was edu- cated in the High School of Peoria, 111., and for 3 years studied at Trinity Col- lege, Dublin. He studied law at the Union College of Law, graduating in 1887. In the same year he was admitted to the bar. From 1892 to 1905 he was judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County, 111. In the latter year he was elected mayor of Chicago, serving until 1907, when he again engaged in the prac- tice of law. From 1913 to 1917 he was governor of Illinois. He was ^ a prom- inent figure in Democratic politics. In 1906-1907 he was president of the League of American Mnicipalities, and in^ 1919 he was a member of the commission from Irish societies of the United States to present claims of Ireland for self- determination at the Peace Conference in Paris. DUNNE, EDWARD JOSEPH, an American clergyman; born in Tipperary, Ireland, in 1848. He came to the United
