EAST CAPE 456 EAST CAPE, the name of the S. E. extremity of New Guinea, in Goschen Strait, and of the most easterly head- lands of Madagascar, the North Island of New Zealand, and Siberia. The last, on Bering Strait, and in ion. 169° 38' W., is the E. extremity of Asia, and is a bold, rocky promontory of syenite, al- most cut off from the mainland by swamps and shallow lakes. On the N. side is a village, Uedle, of less than 100 huts, with a population of about 260. EAST CHICAGO, a city of Indiana, in Lake co. It is on the Pennsylvania, the Wabash, the Pere Marquette, the Baltimore and Ohio, Chicago Terminal, and other railroads. It is on Lake Mich- igan and has excellent shipping facilities, which have been improved by the con- struction of a canal connecting the har- bor with Calumet river. The chief in- dustries are the manufacturing of iron and steel, cement, boilers, chemicals, and foundry products. Pop. (1910) 19,098; (1920) 35,967. EAST CLEVELAND, a city of Ohio, in Cuyahoga co. It is a residential sub- ui-b of Cleveland. The city contains the laboratories of the National Electric Lamp Association. Pop. (1910) 9,179; (1920) 27,292. EAST CONEMAUGH, a borough of Pennsylvania, in Cambria co. It is on the Pennsylvania railroad, and on the Conemaugh river. Its principal industry is the manufacture of steel. It also has railway shops. In 1889 the borough was partially destroyed by the Johnstown flood. Pop. (1910) 5,046; (1920) 5,256. EASTER, the appellation given, with some small variation in the several lan- guages and dialects, by the nations of Teutonic descent, to the festival kept in commemoration of our Saviour's resur- rection. The Latin nations called the same feast by words derived from Lat. Pascha; Gr. Pasclm; and remotely from the Hebrew Pesaclih, meaning the Pass- over, whence the French Pdque (O. Fr. Pask and Pasque) ; in Spanish, Pascua; in Port. Pascos; and in Italian Pasqua. From the same source, also, the word Pasche has been introduced into Anglo- Saxon. Thus no distinctively Christian name exists for the resurrection festival, one of the two being of ethnic and the other of Jewish origin. EASTER ISLAND, a lonely Pacific islet in lat. 27° 8' S., and Ion. 109° 24' W.; discovered by Roggeveen on Easter day 1722, visited in 1773 by Captain Cook; is 47 square miles in area; en- tirely volcanic, with many extinct cra- ters rising more than 1,00*0 feet; and is EAST HARTFORD fertile, but with little water. Sheep an<l cattle grazing was started by a French house in Tahiti, after the departure in 1878 of the missionaries, with 300 na- tives, for the Gambian Archipelago, 500 having been shipped to Tahiti four years earlier. The natives still left are fair Polynesians ; between 1860 and 1882 they dwindled from 3,000 to 150, as well from polyandry as from emigration. They have little to say as to the origin of the picturesque remains that have made Easter Island famous. These include over 500 rude stone statues or busts, pos- sibly portraits of famous persons, not idols, varying from 3 feet high to 70. There are besides 100 stone houses, with painted interiors and (undeciphered) in- cised tablets. Most of the natives were carried off in 1863 by the Peruvians to work guano. The island has been, since 1888, a Chilean convict station. EASTERN CHURCH, the Greek Church which formerly had its chief seat at Constantinople, and for its chief ruler the patriarch of that capital, as distin- guished from the Western Church which had its metropolis at Rome and was ruled by the papacy. EASTERN EMPIRE, the empire which had its metropolis at Constanti- nople, as distinguished from the Western one which had its capital at Rome. The name did not begin with the building of Constantinople; it arose when, in a. d. 394j Valentinian, himself ruling al the capital just mentioned, made his brother Valens Emperor of the East. It came still more into use when the final separa- tion between the East and the West took place in A. D. 395. The Eastern Empire is held to have continued till 1453, when its chief city was captured by the Turks and became the Turkish capital. It is sometimes called the Lower Empire, im- plying that it was later in time than its more celebrated predecessor, to which, however, the name Higher is not applied. EASTHAMPTON, a town of Massa- chusetts, in Hampshire co. It includes three villages and is on the New York, New Haven and Hartford, and the Bos- ton and Maine railroads. Its industries include a dyeing plant and manufactories of rubber goods, buttons, shoe webs, cot- ton goods, felt, yarn, etc. It is the seat of Williston Seminary and has a public library and other public buildings. Pop. (1910) 8,524; (1920) 11,261. EAST HARTFORD, a town of Con- necticut, in Hartford co. It is on the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroad, and on the Connecticut river. The industries include paper making, to- bacco growing, and market gardening.
