COKE 50 COL densable matter. From the purifier the gas is blown by fans through pipes pass- ing beneath the ovens to branch pipes where it is burned, heating the ovens. The air used in the blast is pre-heated by passing through channels in the heated masonry. The coking lasts about 24 hours, at the end of which time a mechanical ram is brought behind the oven and the coke is pushed out by it to a space in front of the oven where it is quenched. The ram is then withdrawn, the doors closed, and the oven recharged while still hot. Coking is carried on to a large extent throughout the United States, both by the use of ovens and as a by-product of gas producers. The total production of coke in the United States in 1918 was 56,478,372 short tons. The State producing the largest amount was Pennsylvania, with a production of 26,- COKE, SIR EDWARD, an English lawyer; born in 1551. After finishing his education at Cambridge he went to London, and entered the Inner Temple. He was chosen recorder of the cities of Norwich and of Coventry, knight of the shire for his county, and, in spite of the rivalship of Bacon, attorney-general. As such he conducted the prosecutions for the crown, notably those of Essex and Sir Walter Raleigh. In 1613 he became chief-justice of the Court of King's Bench; but his rough temper and staunch support of constitutional liber- ties brought him into disfavor with King James and his courtiers. In 1621 Coke was committed to the Tower, and soon after expelled from the privy- council. In 1628 he was chosen member of Parliament for Buckinghamshire, and BEEHIVE COKE OVEN 1 23,645 tons. Ohio was second with a production of 5,364,242 tons; Alabama third with 4,352,172 tons; and Indiana fourth with 3,898,215 tons. Other States having a production of over 1,000,000 tons were New York, Utah, and West Virginia. The estimated production in 1919 was 41,821,000 tons. Coke pro- duced in bee-hive ovens in 1919 was 19,- 650,000 tons, and the production of coke ovens was 25,997,580 tons. There were imported in 1919 16,486 short tons, val- ued at $140,653. The exports were 716,- 956 tons, valued at $5,128,119. The value of the by-products from coke ovens in 1918 were $74,602,458. The most im- portant by-product was sulphate of am- monia, with a value of $19,061,777. Toluol was produced with a value of $12,249,702, and benzol, with a value of $11,966,367. greatly distinguished himself by his vindication of the rights of the Com- mons, and by proposing and framing the famous Petition of Rights. On the dis- solution of the Parliament he retired to Buckinghamshire, where he died, in September, 1634. His principal works are: "Reports, from 1600 to 1615," "In- stitutes of the Laws of England," in four parts; the first of which contains the celebrated commentary on Littleton's Tenures ("Coke upon Littleton") ; "A Treatise of Bail and Mainprise," "Com- plete Copyholder," etc. COL ("neck"), in geography, a de- pression or pass in a mountain-range. In those parts of the Alps where the French language prevails, the passes are usually named Cols — as the Col de Balme, the Col du Geant, etc.
