EXPRESSED OILS 79 ness men, competing companies sprang up rapidly, and express lines were estab- lished in all directions. Adams & Co.'s California express was started in 1849; Wells, Fargo & Co.'s in 1852; the Amer- ican-European Co. was created in 1855. As railways extended, the early "pony express" disappeared, and individual companies now have contracts with the several railway companies, their business over these routes being held to be en- titled to protection of the courts against any efforts to dispossess them. Express companies developed greatly in the 19th and 20th centuries. From EXTERRITORIALITY them from mineral and essential oils, which last are, for the most part, ob- tained by distillation. EXTENSION, UNIVERSITY. See University Extension. EXTERRITORIALITY, a term used in international law for those privileges granted to foreigners by states exempt- ing them from being subject to the laws of that state while they are within its boundaries. There are three recognized cases in international law: (1) The per- sons and property of ambassadors or ministers and their suite. In certain non- DENITRATING HOUSE ^^77P777!7f7VT?^777i EXPLOSIVES — DIAGRAM OF NITRO-GLYCERINE FACTORY Key : 1. G, glycerine store ; MA, mixed acid store ; HNOs, nitric acid ; H2SO4, sulphuric acid. 2. C, cascade ; F, furnace. 3. F, fume shaft ; CB, collecting bottles ; D, denitrator ; C, cooler; E, acid egg: ST, settling tank. 4. NA, nitrating acids ; DA, displacing acids ; C, compressor ; E, acid egg. 1918 to 1920 the companies in the United States, in common with the railroads, were under Government control. They were restored to the parent companies on March 1, 1920. Express companies issue various forms of money orders for both foreign and domestic use. EXPRESSED OILS, in chemistry, those oils which are obtainable from bodies only by pressing, to distinguish 5. W, water tank ; G, glycerine tank ; NS, nitrator separator ; PWT. pre-wash tank ; L, labyrinth ; DT, drowning tank. 6. WT, washing tank; L, labyrinth; F, filter; S, scales. 7. WWST, wash water settling tank: L, laby- rinth. Christian nations this has been extended to include consuls. (2) The persons and property of visiting sovereigns. (3) Public ships in foreign waters. The priv- ilege of being exempt from the laws of non-Christian states has been obtained by the Western powers for all of their subjects residing in such countries as Turkey, China, etc. These provisions guaranteeing exterritoriality to Chris-
