FELLOWSHIP 113 FEMGERICHTE 1915 he was appointed head of the de- partment of history at the University of Utah. He was a member of many learned societies, and was the author of "Out- lines of the 16th Century" (1895) and "Recent European History" (1902). FELLOWSHIP, -c: foundation in an English university entitling the holder, who is called a fellow, to participate in the revenues of a certain college, and also conferring a right to rooms in the college, and certain other privileges, as to meals, etc. The annual pecuniary value of fellowship varies, and till of late years it was tenable for life or till marriage. American colleges frequently have fellowships for their graduates, but the conditions of occupancy are not the same. The pecuniary value of a fellowship in an American college varies from $250 to $800 per annum. FELSITE, a name given to the dense volcanic or dike rocks found in the Appa- lachians, in the Rocky Mountains, and elsewhere. The name is applied more particularly to dense igneous rocks whose structure can only be accurately determined by the use of the microscope. A felsite containing crystals of recogniz- able minerals is known as a felsite por- phyry. FELSPAR, or FELDSPAR, a genus of minerals rather than a single mineral. Formerly there were included under it five species — viz.: (1) Adularia or moon- stone, (2) commo:., (3) compact, (4) glassy, and (5) Labrador felspar. FELSPAR GROUP, in mineralogy, a gr'>up of unisilicates ; its composition having the protoxide bases lime, soda, potash, and, in one species, baryta, the sesquioxide only alumina; ratio between the two 1.3. Dana includes under it the species Anorthite (Lime felspar), Labra- dorite (Lime-soda felspar), Hyalophane (Baryta-potash felspar), Andesite and Oligoclase (Soda-lime felspar), Albite (Soda-lime felspar), and Orthoclase (Potash felspar). Blue felspar, the same as lazulite; common felspar, the same as orthoclase; compact felspar, the same as felsite. It is either compact massive oligoclase, oligoclase felsite, or compact orthoclase, orthoclase felsite, halleflinta. Glassy felspar, the same as sanidine; Labra- dor felspar, the same as labradorite; lime felspar, the same as indianite, or as labradorite; potash felspar, the same as orthoclase. The name was used spe- cially to distinguish it from albite (soda felspar). Soda felspar, the same as albite. FELT, the material formed by uniting and compressing fibers of wool, fur, and other substances fit for the purpose, into a compact body, by what is termed the felting process. This consists in mixing the fibers of the materials employed till they become interlaced or matted to- gether in the form of a soft, loose cloth or sheet, which is done by the instru- mentality of carding and doffing ma- chines. The cloth is then wound on a roller, and carried to the felting machine, in which the fibers are combined and interlaced still more closely by the action of heat and pressure, till the loose sub- stance is converted into a close, thick material, possessed of great strength and durability. Felt of a fine kind is used for making hats (see Hat) ; and a coarser description is used for table covers and carpets. FELTON, CORNELIUS CONWAY, an American classical scholar; born in New- bury, Mass., Nov. 6, 1807. In 1834 he became Professor of Greek Literature at Harvard; in 1860 its president. His publications include many translations from German, French, and Greek, of which "The Clouds" and "The Birds" of Aristophanes are the most distinguished; also "Familiar Letters from Europe" (1864) ; "Greece, Ancient and Modern" (1867) ; "Selections from Modern Greek Writers"; etc. He died in Chester, Pa., Feb. 26, 1862. FEMGERICHTE. FEHMGERICHTE, or VEHMGERICHTE (faim-ge-rik'ta) , the name of celebrated secret tribunals which existed in Westphalia, and pos- sessed immense power and influence in the 14th and 15th centuries. They are said by some to have been originated by Charlemagne. The femgerichte first came into notice after the deposition and outlawry of the Emperor Henry the Lion, when anarchy everywhere prevailed. In such circumstances the secret ti'ibunals took on themselves the protection of the innocent and defenseless, and inspired with salutary terror those whom nothing else would keep in check. These tribunals soon acquired great power, and spread themselves over the whole of Germany, though their principal seat still continued to be Westphalia. The secrecy with which they carried on their operations, and the power they manifested in carrying out their sentences, rendered them the terror of all Germany. Their number is said at one time to have amounted to 100,000. Though originally established for the preservation of right and justice, there can be little doubt that they afterward were frequently made use of to carry out party feelings. The members were called
