FERROL 124 FESSENDEN FERROL, a Spanish seaport in Ga- licia, Spain; on a narrow arm of the sea, 11 miles by water and 33 by rail N. E. of Corunna. A poor fishing town till 1752, it now is one of the strongest fortified places in the kingdom, and possesses one of its three largest arsenals (with dock- yards, naval workshops, etc.), while the annual trade reaches about £500,000. The harbor is safe and capacious, and has a very narrow entrance, defended by two forts. The town has manufac- tures of naval stores, linen, cotton, and leather, and exports corn, brandy, vine- gar, and fish. In 1805 a French fleet was defeated by the English off Ferrol. The town was taken by the French in 1809 and 1823, and in 1872 had a republican rising. Pop. about 30,000. FERRY, FREDERICK CARLOS, an American educator, born in Braintree, Vt., in 1868. He graduated from Wil- liams College in 1891 and took post-grad- uate studies at Harvard and in Ger- many. He was on the faculty of Wil- liams College from 1891 to 1917, when he was elected president and professor of mathematics at Hamilton College. He was a member of many educational so- cieties and contributed articles, chiefly on mathematical subjects, to scientific publications. FERRY, JULES FRANCOIS CAMILLE, a French statesman; born in Saint Die, France, April 5, 1832; was admitted to the Paris bar in 1854, and speedily identified himself with the oppo- nents of the empire. In 1869 he was elected to the National Assembly, where he voted against the war with Prussia; and during the siege of Paris by the Ger- mans (1870-1871) he played a promi- nent part as central mayor of the city. He was minister to Athens in 1872- 1873, and in 1879 became minister of public instruction, and began an agita- tion against the Jesuits. Their expul- sion was effected, and brought about the dissolution of the ministry in Septem- ber, 1880. M. Ferry then formed a cabi- net, which remained in office till Novem- ber, 1881. In February, 1883, he again became premier, with a policy of "colo- nial expansion," involving a war in Madagascar and the invasion of Ton- quin, where a disaster to the French troops brought about his downfall in March, 1885. In 1890 he was made senator. He died in Paris, March 17, 1893. FERSEN, AXEL, COUNT, a Swedish militarv officer; born in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1755; came to Am.erica on the staff of Rochambeau; fought under Lafayette and received from Washing- ton the Order of the Society of the Cin- cinnati. Later he went to France, where he became a favorite at court, and was the disguised coachman at the flight of the royal family from Ver- sailles during the Revolution. He re- turned to Sweden, where he was received with honor, and in 1801 was made grand marshal of that country. On suspicion of complicity in the death of Prince Christian of Sweden, he was seized by a mob while marshaling the funeral pro- cession, and tortured to death, June 20, 1810. FESCH (fesh), JOSEPH, Cardinal Archbishop of Lyons, and half-brother of Letitia Ramolino, mother of Napo- leon I.; born in Ajaccio, Corsica, Jan. 3, 1763. He was educated in France for the Church; in 1790 he was appointed by his nephew. General Bonaparte, com- missary-general of the army of Italy, in which capacity he realized a princely fortune. He afterward resumed his clerical studies, and adopting the pro- fession, was, in 1802, consecrated Arch- bishop of Lyons. In the year afterward, Fesch received a cardinal's hat, and was sent to Rome as French ambassador. In 1804 he accompanied Pius VII. to Paris, to assist at the emperor's coronation, and in the following year was created Grand Almoner of France. As president of the Council of Paris, he energetically oppo- sed his nephew on many occasions, and especially espoused the cause of the un- fortunate Pope. He finally fell into dis- grace with the emperor, and retired to Rome, where he died May 13, 1839. FESS, SIMEON D., an American edu- cator and congressman, born in Allen CO., 0., in 1861. He was educated at the Ohio Northern University and studied law at the same institution. He was professor of American history, head of the College of Law, and vice-president of the Ohio Northern University, from 1889 to 1902. From 1902 to 1907 he was graduate student and lecturer of the University of Chicago. In the latter year he was appointed president of Anti- och College, serving until 1917. In 1910 he was delegate and vice-president of the Ohio Constitutional Convention. He was elected to Congress in 1913 and again in 1915. During this service he was chairman of the committee on education, and during the campaign of 1918 was chairman of the Republican National Congressional Campaign Committee. He wrote "Outline of United States His- tory" (1897) ; "American Political The- ory" (1907) ; and "Civics in Ohio" (1910). FESSENDEN, WILLIAM PITT, an American statesman; born in Boscawen,
