FRANKLIN 203 FRANKS lish navy. In 1806 he was present at the battle of Trafalgar, and in 1814 at that of New Orleans, and in 1819 was appointed to head an overland expedition from Hudson's Bay to the Arctic Ocean. After suffering many hardships, he reached home in 1822. In the following year he married a Miss Purden, the daughter of an architect. In 1825 he submitted to Lord Bathurst a plan "for an expedition overland to the mouth of the Mackenzie river, and thence by sea to the N. W. extremity of America, with the combined object also of surveying the coast between the Mackenzie and Coppermine rivers." This proposition was accepted, and six days after he left Liverpool. In the same year, his wife died. In 1827 Captain Franklin arrived at Liverpool, where he was married a second time, and in 1820 had the honor of knighthood conferred upon him. In 1845, Sir John set out on a third expedi- tion with two ships, called the "Erebus" and "Terror," and spent his first winter in a cove between Cape Riley and Beechey Island. After that period many expeditions were dispatched, both from England and America, in search of Sir John, of whom there were no tidings, and not till 1854 did the intelligence reach England that the brave navigator and his heroic companions had, in all prob- ability, perished in the winter of 1850- 1851. This intelligence, however, wanted confirmation and Lady Franklin, resolved to have the mystery cleared up. Accord- ingly, a last expedition was fitted out, and the news was, in 1859, at length con- firmed by the return of Captain McClin- tock, in the yacht "Fox," after a per- severing search for the lost adventurers. This officer brought with him indisput- able proofs of the death of Sir John and the loss of his crew. Several articles belonging to the unfortunate explorers were found at Ross Cairn and Point Victory. At the latter place a record was discovered, wherein it was stated that Sir John Franklin had died June 11, 1847. C. F. Hall, the eminent Arctic ex- plorer, returned in September, 1869, from a 5-years' search for the remains of Sir John Franklin's companions with more relics of the expedition. Lieutenant Schwatka found the bodies of the Frank- lin party in his expedition of 1879-1880. FRANKLIN, WILLIAM BXJEL, an American military officer; born in York, Pa., Feb. 27, 1823; was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1843. In the Mexican War he served on the staff of General Taylor as a topo- graphical engineer; was engaged in mak- ing reconnoissances and carried Taylor's orders at the battle of Buena Vista. At the outbreak of the Civil War he was as- signed to the command of a brigade in Heintzelman's division. He took part in the battle of Bull Run, served with dis- tinction in the Peninsular campaign and was promoted Major-General in 1862. Subsequently he served under McClellan in Maryland and under Burnside at Fredericksburg, was assigned to the De- partment of the Gulf, under Banks, in 1863; and in 1865 was brevetted Major- General in the regular army, but re- signed a year later to engage in manu- facturing. He was appointed United States Commissioner-General to the Paris Exposition in 1899. He died March 8, 1903. FRANKLIN AND MARSHAL COL- LEGE, an educational institution in Lancaster, Pa.; founded in 1787 under the auspices of the Reformed Church in the United States; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 17; students, 298; president, H. H. Apple, D. D., LL.D. FRANKLIN COLLEGE, a coeduca- tional institution in Franklin, Ind., founded in 1834 under the auspices of the Baptist Church; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 16; students, 259; president. C. E. Goodell, A. M. FRANKLIN INSTITUTE, THE. of the State of Pennsylvania for the Pro- motion of the Mechanic Arts, an institu- tion established in Philadelphia in 1824, for the dissemination of knowledge of the arts and sciences. It combines many features of the mechanical institutes and of the scientific societies. The work of the institution is carried on by means of lectures, reports, libraries, exhibitions, and instruction. Publication of a journal was begun in 1826 and has continued without interruption. The library con- tains about 75.000 volumes. A school of mechanical and architectural drawing is conducted and there are also night schools in machine design and naval architecture. There are also schools for the instruction of English and ancient and modern languages. The institute is open to all persons of legal age on pay- ment of dues. FRANKS, the name of a confedera- tion which was formed about A. D. 240, by the tribes dwelling on the banks of the Lower Rhine anc. the Weser, who united under the title of Franks or free men. They invaded Gaul in 256, and for 12 years ravaged that country and Spain, extending their incursions as far as the opposite continent of Africa. Probus drove them back into their native marshes in 277 ; but their influence grad- ually increased, and after the death of
