GABDINER 260 GABFIELD Papers," the "Parliamentary Debates in 1610," and "Debates in the House of Commons in 1625." He died Feb. 23, 1902. GARDINER, STEPHEN, an English prelate, believed to have been a natural son of Lionel, Bishop of Salisbury, and brother of Elizabeth Woodville, queen of Edward IV.; born in Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, England, in 1483. In 1520 he took the degrees of D. D. and LL. D. at Cambridge, where he became master of Trinity Hall. He passed at this time by the name of Dr. Stephens. Having be- come secretary to Wolsey and a favorite with the king, he was dispatched to Rome in 1528 to forward Henry VIII.'s divorce, and on his return was appointed secretary of state, and in succession Archdeacon of Norwich and Leicester, and Bishop of Winchester. He also went on various embassies to France and Ger- many. He supported the king in re- nouncing the authority of the Pope, but opposed the doctrines of the Reforma- tion, and took an active part in the pass- ing of the six articles and in the prose- cution of Protestants. He was success- ful in contriving the fall of his opponent Cromwell, but failed to injure Catherine Parr, and fell into disfavor. During the reign of Edward he was imprisoned in the Fleet, deprived of his bishopric, and afterward imprisoned in the Tower from 1548-1553, but Mary i*estored him to his bishopric, and appointed him lord chan- cellor. He officiated at her coronation and marriage, and became one of her chief advisers. He took an active part in the persecutions at the beginning of the reign. He died in London, Nov. 12, 1555. GARDNER, a town in Worcester co., Mass., including the villages of Gardner Center, South Gardner, and West Gard- ner; on the Fitchburg railroad; 25 miles N. of Worcester. It is the trade center for an extensive agricultural region, and has manufactories of rattan goods, gas and oil stoves, chairs, foundry, and ma- chine-shop products, electric lights, street railroads, waterworks, the Levi Haywood Memorial Library, high school, 2 National banks, and an assessed valua- tion of $5,500,000. Pop. (1910) 14,699; (1920) 16,971. GARFIELD, a borough of New Jersey, in Bergen co. It is on the Erie rail- road, and on the Passaic river. It has industries of great importance, includ- ing woolen mills, knitting mills, stone works, a machine shop, and manufac- tures of clothing, chemicals, rubber goods, cigars, paper boxes, etc. Pop. (1910) 10,213; (1920) 19,381* GARFIELD, HARRY AUGUSTUS, an American educator and public official. Born in 1863 in Ohio, the son of James Abram Garfield, twentieth President of the United States. After giaduating from Williams College in 1885, he studied law at Columbia University and at Ox ford, England. From 1888 to 1903, he practiced law in Cleveland, Ohio, and in the latter year became professor of politics in Princeton University. In 1908 he became president of Williams College. When the United States en- tered the World War, President Wil- son appointed him Fuel Administrator. HARRY A. GARFIELD His duties gave him practically un- limited control over the enormous fuel supplies of the United States and made him an important official in the Govern^ ment. He resigned his position a few months after the armistice in 1918, to return to the presidency of Williams College. GARFIELD. JAMES ABRAM, an American statesman, 20th President of the United States; born in Orange, 0., Nov. 19, 1831. The family home was a small log cabin in the Ohio "ilder- ness," a region now known as the West- em Resei've. He went to school winters, and became an omnivorous reader, espe- cially of the Bible. In the winter of 1849-1850 he attended a seminary at
