GUADALQUIVIR 417 GUANAJUATO GUADALQUIVIR ffwa - THal - ke - ver'), a river known to the ancients by the name "Baetis," rises in the Sierra de Cazorla, Spain, on the borders of Jaen and Murcia, 15 miles E. S. E. of Ubeda, and passes Andejar, Cordova, Seville, and San Lucar-de-Barameda. The Guad- alquivir receives on the right the Guadalimar, Campana, Guadamelleto, Guadabarbon, Guadiato. and Biar; on the left, the lesser Guadiana, Guadalen- tin, Jaen, Guadajoz, Xenil, and Corbones. It falls into the Atlantic at San Lucar, after a winding course of about 250 miles. GUADALUPE (ga-da-16pO, a river rising among the mountains in Kerr co., Tex,; flows a general E. and S. E. course through Blanco, Comal, Guada, Gonzales, De Witt, and Victoria counties, and enters Espiritu Santo Bay between Calhoun and Refugio counties. GUADALUPE-HIDALGO (gwa-tha- lo'pa-e-dal'go), a village of the Federal District in Mexico, at the foot of Guada- lupe mountain; 5 miles N. of Mexico City. It has a famous brick cathedral, the richest in all Mexico. Here is pre- served a miraculous picture of a brown Virgin, painted on a peasant's coarse cloak. The treaty which ended the war with the United States was signed here, Feb. 2, 1848. Fop. about 6,000. GUADELOUPE (gwad-lop'), one of the Leeward Islands; a French colony. It is divided into two distinct parts by a narrow arm of the sea called Riviere Salee. The larger portion, or Guadeloupe proper, has an area of about 305 square miles, and is of volcanic origin. A ridge of hills traverses it N. and S., the highest points of which are La Souf riere, an active volcano, about 5,108 feet in height, and the extinct volcanoes La Grosse-Montagne, Les Deux Mamelles, and Le Piton-de-Bouillant. The other portion, Grand-terre, has an area of about 300 square miles, and is generally low, never rising to more than 115 feet above the sea-level. The principal ex- ports are sugar, coffee, dye, cabinet woods, tafia, hides, copper, etc. The principal town, St. Louis, or Point-a- Pitre, was destroyed by an earthquake in February, 1843. Guadeloupe was dis- covered by Columbus in 1493, and named by him Santa Maria de la Guadalupe, In 1635 it was taken by the French, who held it till 1759, when the English gained possession of it, after which it changed owners several times, till the peace of 1814 restored it to the French. Pop. (1918) 117,219. GUAIACUM, a genus of Zygophyl- lacex, tribe Zygophylleae. Guaiacum offi- cinale is an ornamental tree with blue flowers, growing in Jamaica. The wood furnishes Ligmim vitae; its resin is called gum guaiacum. The leaves of G. sanction are used in the West Indies as a sub- stitute for soap. The bark and wood of both species are used as sudorifics, dia- phoretics, or alteratives. GUALEGUAYCHU (-cho'), a town of Entre Rios, Argentine Republic, on the Gualeguaychu river. Besides slaugh- tering and salting works, it has an ex- tract of beef factory. GUAM (gwam), an island in the Pacific Ocean, the largest of the Mari- anne or Ladrone group; area, 200 square miles; capital, Agana. The island is fertile and to a great extent covered with valuable timber lands. There are 18 schools and about 90 per cent, of the natives can read and write. At the be- ginning of the American-Spanish War the Ladrone group belonged to Spain, and on June 20, 1898, the United States cruiser "Charleston," on its way to Ma- nila, opened fire on Agana. The Spanish garrison, not knowing that war existed, and thinking the attack was a salute, sent an oflacer to the "Charleston" apolo- gizing for not returning it, owing to lack of ammunition. When they learned the state of afFaii'S, the place was sur- rendered in less than 30 minutes. Captain Leary, of the United States navy, was appointed the first American governor, and under his direction important re- forms were instituted. Slavery was abolished, and a break-water and forti- fications were built at the harbor of San Luis d'Apra, to establish a coaling sta- tion there. United States money has been in circulation since 1909. Pop. 13,275. See Agana, GUANAJUATO (gwa-na-hwa'to) , a State of Mexico; area, 11,370 square miles. The greater part of the surface belongs to the lofty plateau of Anahuac, and is traversed by the Sierra de Gorda in the N. and the Sierra de Guanajuato (11,030 feet) in the center; the S. W. portion belongs to the fertile plain of Bajio. The riches of Guanajuato consist chiefly in its valuable mineral products; there are large numbers of gold, silver, lead, copper, and quicksilver mines worked. Stock-raising is of some im- portance, but agriculture is little pur- sued, although the soil yields most products of both the temperate and tropical zones; a noteworthy article of export is chillies. Large cotton _ and woolen factories have been established by foreigners. Pop. State, 1,086,000. GUANAJUATO, city and capital of Guanajuato, Mexico, on both sides of a
