GUNTOWN 430 GUSTAVUS IV. tez of Panama and Paris" (1893); "A Florida Enchantment" and "The Man Behind the Door'* (1904). He died Feb. 23, 1907. GUWTOWN", a village in Lee co., Miss.; where on June 10, 1864, a Na- tional force of 12,000 men, commanded by General Sturgis, was utterly routed by the Confederates, under General Forrest, losing about 3,500 men, and everything except arms. GITRGES, or GORGES, in heraldry, a charge meant to represent a whirlpool. It takes up the whole field; and when borne properly, is azure and argent. GURNEY, JOSEPH JOHN, an Eng- lish philanthropist; born in Earlham Hall, England, Aug. 2, 1788; became a Quaker clergyman. He was very active in prison reform, and was closely identi- fied with Wilberforce and Clarkson in the anti-slavery movement. He was the author of "Notes on Prison Dicipline" (1819); "Evidences, Etc., of Christi- anity" (1827) ; etc. He died in Earlham, England, Jan. 4, 1847. GTTSSET, in engineering, an angular piece of iron inserted in a boiler tank, etc., where it changes from a cylindrical to a square form, etc., as in the junction of the barrel and fire box of a locomo- tive. GUSTAVUS I., commonly called "Gustavus Vasa," King of Sweden; born in Lindholm, May 12, 1496. He was the son of Eric Johansson, a Swedish noble, served under Svante Sture, the admin- istrator of the kingdom, was treacher- ously carried off with other noble Swedes by the King of Denmark, and kept a prisoner in Jutland for more than a year, but at length escaped, reached, af- ter many dangers, Dalecarlia, where he roused the peasants to resist Danish op- pression, defeated the Danes, took Up- sala and other towns, and in 1523 was elected king. In 1529 he procured the abolition of the Roman Catholic relig^ion in Sweden, and established Protestant- ism. During his long reign Sweden made great progi-ess in commerce and civilization. He died in Stockholm, Sept. 29, 1560. GUSTAVUS II., GUSTAVUS ADOL- PHUS, King of Sweden, a gi-andson of Gustsfvus Vasa; born in Stockholm, Dec. 9, 1594; and received a careful education. He was trained to war under experienced generals, took his place in the state councils at the age of 16, and was in command of the army in his 17th y^ar during the war with Denmark, which was concluded in 1613, and by which Sweden recovered important pos- sessions on the Baltic. He then turned his arms against the Russians, drove them from Ingria, Karelia, and a part of Livonia, which were secured to him by the peace of Stolbova in 1617. He was then engaged in a war with Poland, which lasted nine years, and was con- cluded on advantageous terms for Gus- tavus in September, 1629, he being al- lowed to retain important conquests in East Prussia. His attention was nov/ diverted from N. wars by the affairs of Germany. He embarked for Germany in 1630 with about 20,000 men, landed near the mouth of the Oder, and in a short time had seized nearly all Pomera- nia. After taking many fortified towns, repeatedly defeating the imperial gen- erals at Leipsic and Wiirzburg in 1631 Passage of the Lech in 1632, and con- quering a great part of Germany, he was killed in the battle of Liitzen, against Wallenstein, Nov. 16, 1632. GUSTAVUS III., King of Sweden, born in Stockholm, Jan. 24, 1746; suc- ceeded his father, Adolphus Frederick, in 1771. Finding the country weary of the misrule of the nobles, he gained the good-Avill of the army, surrounded the assembly of the states-general, and forced them to accept a new constitu- tion which much restricted their priv- ileges. In 1788 he took command of the army against Russia and Denmark, and stormed the defenses of Frederikshald, destroying a great number of vessels. In 1789 he executed another coup d'etat, arresting the opposition leaders, and passing a law extending the royal pre- rogative. On the outbreak of the French revolution he made strenuous exertions to form a coalition betv/een Russia, Den- mark, Sweden, and Spain, but while preparations were making a conspiracy of the nobles was formed against him, and he was shot at a masquerade by Ankarstroem, a disbanded officer, March 16, 1792. He died March 29, 1792. GUSTAVUS IV., ADOLPHUS, King of Sweden, born in Stockholm, Nov. 1 , 1778; and succeeded his father, March 29, 1792. On assuming power Gustavus showed that he had inherited his father's hatred of the principles of the French Revolution, which he carried to the ex- tent of fanaticism. After the Peace of Tilsit he exposed himself to a war with Russia while he was at war with France by refusing to join the continental blockade and opening his ports to Eng- land; and in 1808 he quarreled with England, his only ally. Finland was lost to Sweden, and in 1809 a revolution took place. Gustavus was dethroned, and hi"=
