HALE 446 HALES England" (1915) ; "We Discover the Old Dominion" (1916). She was a frequent contributor to magazines, HALE, LTJCRETIA PEABOBY, an American author, sister of E. E. Hale; bora in Boston, Mass., Sept. 2, 1820. She published among other works: "The Lord's Supper and Its Observance" (1866); "The Service of Sorrow" (1867); "The Wolf at the Door" in the "No Name Series" (1877) ; "The Peter- kin Papers" (1882); "The Last of the Peterkins" (1886). She also wrote "The New Harry and Lucy" (with E. E. Hale). Her chief fame is as the creator of the Peterkins, who have become popu- larly recognized types of character. She died in Boston, Mass., June 12, 1900. HALE, SIR MATTHEW, Lord Chief- justice of England; born in Alderly, Gloucestershire, England, Nov. 1, 1609. Intended for the Church, he was sent to Oxford University in his 16th year. But suddenly he abandoned his studious habits, and joined a company of stroll- ing players. He was on the point of becoming a soldier when induced to adopt the legal profession. Accordingly, in 1629, Hale entered the Society of Lin- coln's Inn, and was called to the bar in 1637. In the quarrel between king and Parliament he refrained from identify- ing himself with either side. When, however. Parliament got the upper hand, he signed the Solemn League and Cove- nant, sat in the Assembly of Divines at Westminster, tried to bring about a set- tlement between the king and Parlia- ment, and ultimately taking his engage- ment to the Commonwealth, was made judge under Cromwell in 1653. He acted as a puisne judge of the Common pleas till Cromwell's death, but refused to have his commission renewed by Rich- ard Cromwell. After the Restoration he was made Chief-Baron of the Court of Exchequer, and 11 years later was transferred to the Chief-justiceship of the Court of King's Bench. He wrote: "History of the Pleas of the Crown" (1736) ; "History of the Common Law of England" (1713) ; "Moral and Religious Works," etc. He resigned his office in February, 1676, and died Dec. 25 of the same year. HALE, NATHAN, an American pa- triot; born in Coventry, Conn., June 6, 1755. He rose to the rank of captain in the Continental army, and, having vol- unteered to penetrate the British lines and procure intelligence for Washing- ton, was detected, and executed as a spy in New York City, Sept. 22, 1776. A statue was erected to his memory in New York in 1893. HALES, STEPHEN, an English phi- losopher; born in Beckesbourn, Kent, England, Sept. 7, 1677. He entered Cor- pus Christi College, Cambridge, in 1696, was elected Fellow in 1702, and having taken holy orders was presented, about 1710, to the perpetual curacy of Tedding- ton, in Middlesex. His first important publication was "Vegetable Staticks, or Experiments on the Sap of Vegetables" (1727), which may be regarded as the starting point of our true knowledge of vegetable physiology. In "Hasma- staticks" (1733), a second part of this NATHAN HALE work, treating of the circulation of the blood. Hales gives results obtained by experimental methods of investigation like those now in use in studying physiol- ogy. Besides other independent works, including "The Means of Dissolving the Stone in the Bladder," he contributed numerous memoirs to the "Philosophical Transactions" on ventilation, electricity, the analysis of air, etc. His ventilating machines were introduced into the Lon- don prisons. His improvements in the mode of collecting gases did much to facilitate the subsequent labors of Black, Priestley and Lavoisier. He also in- vented machines for distilling sea-water,,
