HEREWARD 507 HERNIA with heresies is given in Titus iii: 10: "A man that is an heretick after the first and second admonition reject." When the Church gained an influence over the civil power, it induced the latter to superadd civil to the ecclesiastical pen- alties for heresy. Those who differed from the opinions of the imperial house received many kinds of ill usage, but it was not till A, D. 382 that a law of Theo- dosius I., directed against the Mani- chaeans, authorized capital punishment for heresy. This law led to the execu- tion at Treves, in A. D. 385, of Priscillian, Bishop of Avila; he is believed to have been the first person put to death by a Christian government for heresy. HEREWARD (her^e-) commonly called HEREWARD THE Wake, an English yeoman or squire who held the Isle of Ely against William the Conqueror in 1070-1071. When William had succeeded in encompassing the English patriots and penetrating to their camp of refuge, Hereward, scorning to yield, cut his way through to the fastnesses of the swampy fens N. HERISTAL (ha'ris-tal) or HER- STAL, (hers'-), an industrial town of Belgium, on the Meuse, immediately N. E. of Liege, of which it is virtually a suburb. It is mostly inhabited by work- men, who find employment in the coal mines and the iron and steelworks. Ruins still exist of the castle of Heristal, the birthplace of Pepin, the mayor of the palace; and his great-grandson Charle- magne frequently resided here. HERKIMER, a village of New York, the county-seat of Herkimer co. It is on the Mohawk river and on the Erie and Barge canals, and on the New York Central and Hudson River and the Otsego and Herkimer railroads. It is the center of an important dairying region and has manufactures of knit goods, ofiice desks, beds, furniture, paper boxes, mattresses, etc. Pop. (1910) 7,520; (1920) 10,453. HERKOMER, SIR HUBERT, an Eng- lish painter; born in Waal, Bavaria, May 26, 1849. At an early age he settled with his parents in the United States and subsequently in England. He joined the Institute of Painters in Water Colors in 1871. His oil picture, "After the Toil of Day," in the Academy exhibi- tion of 1873, was followed by his "Last Muster," which gained him the "grand medal of honor" at the Paris Exhibi- tion of 1878. He was in 1879 elected an A. R. A. After 1880 he devoted much time to portraiture, and his portrait of Miss Grant is one of his many successes in that branch of art. He founded the Herkomer School of Art, at Bushey, in 1883; was elected a Royal Academician in 1890; was Slade Professor of Fine Arts at Oxford in 1885-1895; and was elected an Associate of the French Academy of Fine Arts in 1895. He died in 1914. HERMANNSTADT (her'man-stat), a town of Rumania, formerly capital of Transylvania, 370 miles S. E. of Pest. It consists of an upper and a lower town, the walls, towers, and bastions formerly surrounding which have only recently been demolished. Hermann- stadt is the seat of a Greek archbishop and of a "Saxon" university. The fine Bruckenthal palace contains a picture- gallery, numismatic, antiquarian, and mineral collections, and a library of 30,- 000 volumes. Tanning, wax-bleaching, and the making of cloth, paper, candles, sugar, and hats are carried on. Her- mannstadt was originally the seat of a German colony, founded in the reign of Gesa IL (1141-1161), and was at first called Villa Hermanni. It endured sev- eral sieges from the Turks (1438 and 1442) , as well as one from the followers of John Zapolya (1526). It also suffered at the hands of Gabriel Bathori in 1610, and again from both combatants during the Russo-Hungarian War of 1849. Pop. about 25,000. HERMES (hur'mez) , in Greek mythol- ogy, Mercury, the god of speech, elo- quence, the sciences, traffic, theft, and herds, the herald and messenger of the gods. The Hermes of archaeology is a rough quadrangular stone or pillar hav- ing a head, usually of Hermes or Mercury, sculptured on the top, without arms or body, placed by the Greeks in the front of buildings, and used by Romans as landmarks. HERMOSILLO (her-mo-seFyo), a cap- ital of the Mexican State of Sonora, in a fertile plain on the Rio Sonora, 50 miles N. of Guaymas. It has a mint and other government buildings, a bank of issue, sawmills, distilleries, and shoe and furniture factories, and a large export trade in wheat and wine. Pop. about 15,000. HERNIA, the protrusion of some por- tion of the intestinal canal, or, in a more general sense, of any organ or part of an organ, from its natural place. It may arise from over- exertion, from a blow, etc. There are many varieties of hernia, as, the diaphragmatic, the entero- vaginal, the mesenteric, the mesocolic, omental, perineal, the femoral, etc.; the most common of all is the inguinal, oc- curring in the groin. It may be direct or internal and oblique or external. When a hernia cannot be reduced, and, above
