JACKSON 223 JACKSONVILLE tured a number of prisoners. Soon after he was commissioned Brigadier-General. In the first battle of Bull Run he won his new name "Stonewall" when Gen. Bernard E. Bee, in the crisis of the fight, shouted: "See, there is Jackson stand- ing like a stonewall; rally on the Virgin- ians!" He was promoted Major-Gen- eral and placed in command of the dis- trict that included the Shenandoah valley and the section of Virginia N. W. of it. During the winter he drove the Na- tional forces out of his district. In March, 1862, he fell back before Banks' army of 35,000 men, and Banks reported him "in full retreat from the valley" and started a column to cross the mountains and attack Johnston in flank, as he was falling back from Manassas, when Jack- son suddenly turned, marched 18 miles in the morning, and with 2,700 men fought at KernstowH; near Winchester, 8,000 of the National troops, and though defeated, accomplished his purpose in recalling the column which was moving on Johnston's flank, quietly moved up the valley and took a strong position in Swift Run Gap. Then followed in rapid succession the uniting of Ewell's division with his at Luray, the driving in of Banks' flank at Front Royal, the cutting of his re- treating column at Middletown, and on May 25, the rout of Banks' army from the heights of Winchester. He was about to cross the Potomac into Maryland in pursuit of Banks, when he learned that Fremont from the W., and Shields, the head of McDowell's column, from the E., were marching to form a junction in his rear at Stras- burg. He at once put his army in mo- tion, and by forced marches reached the point of danger in time to hold Fremont in check with one hand and Shields with the other till his whole ai-my, prisoners, and immense wagon trains loaded with captured stores passed on in safety. He then moved leisurely up the valley, burn- ing the bridges over the Shenandoah to prevent a junction between Fremont and Shields. He next hastened to Richmond, where he united with General Lee in attack- ing McClellan. His skill in the Seven Days' battles, his defeat of Pope's ad- vance under Banks at Cedar Run, his ftank march to Pope's rear, and the pertinacity with which he held him at bay along the Warrenton road till Lee could come up with Longstreet and drive him into the fortifications around Wash- ington, hs capture of Harper's Ferry with 11,000 prisoners, 13,000 stand of small arms, 73 pieces of artillery, and large quantities of provisions and stores of every description, and his conduct on the field of Sharpsburg, all added greatly to his fame. He was promoted Lieutenant-General in October, 1862; and held the extreme right of Lee's army at Fredericksburg, where he repelled the attack of Franklin. Toward the end of April, 1863, he was sent with 22,000 men to make a march to Hooker's flank and rear. This was bril- liantly executed and Jackson routed that flank of Hooker's army, and was proceed- ing to cut him off from his line of re- treat and take a position where Hooker would have been compelled to attack him in position, when in returning from one of those bold reconnaissances which he so frequently made, his party was mis- taken for the enemy and fired on by his own men and he was very severely wounded. His left arm was amputated, his other wounds, dressed, and he was improving hopefully, when pneumonia suddenly developed and caused his death in Guinea Station, Va., May 10, 1863. JACKSONVILLE, a city and county- seat of Duval CO., Fla. ; on St. Johns river, and the Florida East Coast, and other railroads; 139 miles S. of Savan- nah. The city is about 30 miles from the coast; and has regular steamer com- munication with all points on the St. Johns river, and also to Charleston, New York, and Boston, and sailing vessel communication with various foreign ports. The city is a farming, fruit grow- ing, and lumbering trade and jobbing center for Florida and Southern Georgia. It has valuable phosphate interests. Jacksonville is highly esteemed as a win- ter resort, especially by people from the Northern and Eastern States. It is the seat of St. Luke's Hospital, the largest in the State, and the general offices of the Florida, Central and Pensa- cola, and the Jacksonville, Tampa and Key West railroads. There is an excel-- lent system of docks. The city has Na- tional and several State and private banks. During the American-Spanish War, Jacksonville was used extensively as a point of embarkation of troops and supplies for Cuba, and as a coaling sta- tion. Pop. (1910) 57,699; (1920) 91,- 558. JACKSONVILLE, a city and capital of Morgan co., 111.; on the Wabash, Chicago and Alton, the Chicago, Peoria and St. Louis, and the Chicago, Burling- ton and Quincy railroads; 34 miles W. of Springfield, the State capital. The city, which is popularly known as the "Athens of the West," is the seat of Illi- nois College, Illinois Woman's College, i Illinois College of Music, Illinois State Institutions for the Education of Deaf
