JERUSALEM 252 JEBUSALEM Jerusalem, in common with Judea, be- came once more independent, 165 B, C. It next became tributary to Rome, and had been greatly beautified and enriched with a fine new temple by Herod when the Saviour appeared. In a. d. 66 Jerusalem was taken by a party of Jews who had revolted against Rome. Titus, the son fostering care of Helena, mother of Cotw stantine the Great. This period of pros- perity, prolonged by a succession of Christian emperors, was suddenly termi- nated in 636, by the conquest of the Mo- hammedans, under the Arabian Caliph Omar. In 1099 the Crusaders took Jeru- salem by storm, and made it the capital MODERN JERUSALEM yi the Emperor Vespasian, regained it in the year 70, after a terrible siege; the temple was burned, and the city razed to the ground. In 131 Hadrian ordered the city to be rebuilt, but it con- tmued depressed till the beginning of the 4th century, when, Rome having be- come Christian, Jerusalem shared in the benefit, and assumed the appearance of a distinguished Christian city, under the of a Christian monarchy, which with dif- ficulty maintained its existence till 1187, when it was finally overthroAvn by Sa- ladin. In 1517 Jerusalem fell into the hands of the Turks, and remained a part of the Ottoman empire, until the collapse of Turkey in 1918. The city was caj)- tured by British forces under Gen. Allenby in Dec, 1917 See ZiONiSJX; Palestine.
