HINNY 21 HIPPOBOSCIDiE H. A. Hinkson, after which she resided in London. She was a prolific writer of novels and was also well known as a poet. Among her novels are "Peggy" (1908); "Princess Katherine" (1911); "The Romance of Lady Sarah Lennox" (1913). She published an autobiogra- phy entitled "Twenty-five Years." She was one of the chief figures in the Irish literary revival. HINNY, a hybrid, the produce of a stallion and a she-ass. It is smaller and inferior in strength to the mule produced by an ass and a mare, and it is also much less common. HIOGO (he-6'go), a seaport of Japan, opened to foreign trade in 1860. It is situated on the island of Hondo, on the Bay of Osaka, 40 miles S. W. of Kioto, with which it has railway communica- tion. The trade with the interior is im- portant, and the exports of tea, copper, fish, silk, etc., large. Pop. with Kobe, about 500,000. HIP, the fruit of the dog-rose or wild- brier. It contains tannin, sugar, citric and malic acids, and is sometimes used in making conserves. HIP JOINT, one of the most impor- tant articulations in the body, and the most complete example of the ball-and- socket joint. The hip joint is made up of two bones — the acetabulum, or cup- like cavity in the os innominatum, or three bones forming one-half of the pelvis; and the head of the femur, or thigh-bone, the same provision being made here, by capsular, conical, trans- verse, and lateral ligaments, to secure the bone in its socket, and yet afford unlimited play to the limb; while, to guard it from blows and the force of ac- cidents, the part is padded with a num- ber of short, fleshy muscles, in addition to which a quantity of adipose tissue beneath the cuticle still further protects the part. HIP JOINT, DISEASES OF THE, a disease differing in many important points from other joint-diseases. Its connection with scrofula is more dis- tinctly marked than that of most other joint diseases, and it almost always oc- curs before the age of puberty. It comes on, in children or young persons of a scrofulous constitution, from very slight causes; thus, it is often traced to over-exertion in a long walk, a sprain in jumping, or a fall; and in many cases no apparent cause can be assigned. In the early stage of the disease the whole of the structures of the joint are in- flamed, and by proper treatment at this period the morbid action may be some- times subdued without any worse conse- quences than a more or less rigid joint. As the disease advances abscesses oc- cur around the joint. True shortening of the limb now takes place, which at the same time becomes adducted and in- verted. From this stage, if the health is pretty good, and the lungs are sound, the patient may be so fortunate as to recover with an anchylosed (or immov- able) hip joint; but the probability is that exhaustion and hectic will come on, and that death will supervene. HIPPARCHUS (-parTcus), tyrant of Athens. He was son of Pisistratus and brother of Hippias, with whom he reigned 527-514. While conducting in Athens a solemn procession to the Tem- ple of Minerva, he was slain by Harmo- Dius and Aristogeiton, 514 b. c HIPPARCHUS, an ancient Greek as- tronomer; born in Nicaea, Bithynia. He lived about 160-125 B. c. He resided for some time at Rhodes, but afterward went to Alexandria, then the great school of science. A commentary on Aratus is the only work of his extant. He first as- certained the true length of the year, discovered the procession of the equi- noxes, determined the revolutions and mean motions of the planets, prepared a catalogue of the fixed stars, etc. HIPPIAS (hip'pi-as), tyrant of Ath- ens. He was the son of Pisistratus, at whose death he assumed the government, in conjunction with his brother Hip- PARCHUS {q. V.) , on whose death he seized the reins of government, and re- venged the death of his brother by put- ting to death all of whom he entertained the least suspicion. His tyranny at last became so obnoxious to the citizens that he was expelled from the city 510 B. c. He afterward induced Darius to apply to the Athenians in his favor; and their decisive refusal kindled the first war of the Persians against the European Greeks, According to some authorities he fell at Marathon, fighting against his countrymen, 490 B. c. HIPPO, sometimes called Hippo Re- gius to distinguish it from another town of the same name on the Carthaginian coast; an ancient Numidian city, the ruins of which still exist a short distance S. of Bona in Algeria. It was the epis- copal see of St. Augustine, and was de- stroyed by the Vandals in 430. HIPPOBOSCID-a: (bos'si-de), a fam- ily of dipterous insects, parasitic on birds and quadrupeds. The type is the genus Hippobosca or horse-fly.
