KANAOAWA 312 KANIN 5% miles N. W. of ZwoUe. It wa3 form- erly a Hanse town. The church of St. Nicholas is one of the finest mediaeval churches in the country. The inhabi- tants are engaged in shipbuilding, com- merce, fishing, and tobacco manufacture. Kampen is the Gotham of the Dutch. Pop. about 20,000. KAN AG AW A (-ga'wa), a seaport of Japan, on the W. shore of Tokyo Bay, the first Japanese port opened to foreign trade in 1859; pop. about 20,000. KANAKAS (ka-nak'az) , the native in- habitants of the Sandwich Islands; in New Caledonia and the New Hebrides the name is applied to all the native laborers, without distinction of origin. KANDAHAR, or CANDAHAR (kan- da-har') , the capital of Central or South- ern Afghanistan; 3,484 feet above sea- level. Kandahar is well watered by two canals drawn from a neighboring river, which send to almost every street its own adequate supply; and the same means of irrigation have covered the im- mediate vicinity with gardens and or- chards. Kandahar is a commercial cen- ter, trading with Bombay, Herat, Bok- hara, and Samarcand. It has been a pivot for the history of that part of Asia during more than 2,000 years. It is sup- posed to have been founded by Alexan- der the Great. Mahmud of Ghazni wrested it from the Afghans. In the war of 1878-1880 the British entered Kandahar unopposed, and they held the city till 1881, some months after they had evacuated the rest of Afghanistan. Pog. between 50,000 and 100,000. KANDAVU, one of the Fiji Islands. KANE, a borough of Pennsylvania, in McKean co., on the Pennsylvania, the Baltimore and Ohio, and the Kane and Elk railroads. Its elevated site and beautiful surroundings make it an at- tractive health resort. It has the Kane Summit Hospital. Its industries include glass works, bottle works, lumber mills, etc. Pop. (1910) 6,626; (1920) 7,283. KANE, ELISHA KENT, an Amer- ican explorer; born in Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 3, 1820; was graduated at the Medi- cal Department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1842; joined the United States navy as assistant surgeon in 1843; accompanied the Grinnell expedi- tion in search of Sir John Franklin in 1850-1852. His fame as an Arctic ex- plorer rests on his second expedition in search of Franklin in 1853-1855. He sailed from New York on May 30, in the former year, in the brig "Advance," and reached lat. 80° 35' N.,the highest point ever attained up to that time by a sail- ing vessel. The hardships endured dur- ing this second trip so affected his health that he died in Havana, Cuba, where he had gone to recuperate, Feb. 16, 1857. He was the author of "The United States Grinnell Expedition in Search of Sir John Franklin" (1854), and the "Sec- ond Grinnell Expedition" (1856). KANEM (ka-nem'), a district of Cen- tral Africa, N. and N. E. of Lake Tchad, now belonging to Bornu, but formerly an independent State. KANGAROO, the genus Macropus, and specially the great kangaroo, M. gi- ganteus. This species was the first known of the family and first seen by sailors of Captain Cook's expedition on the coast of New South Wales. The great kangaroo has large hind legs, with a huge tail, short fore limbs, and is about the height of a man. It is a vege- table feeder, and is destructive to the crops of the settlers in the less inhabited parts of Australia; in the long-settled districts it is much rarer. Its ordinary method of progression is by a series of great leaps, 10 to 15 feet or more. If when infuriated it can overcome an ad- versary it will seize him by its fore feet, hug him like a bear, and rip him with the claws of its hind feet. Many other species exist. The hare kangaroo or turatt is M. leporoides; the great rock kangaroo, M. robustus; the red kangaroo, M. rufus; the agile kan- garoo, M. agilis; the brush-tailed rock kangaroo, M. pe7iicillatus ; and the tree kangaroo, Dendrolagus ursinus. KANGAROO GRASS, the most es- teemed fodder grass of Australia. It grows to a height much above that of the fodder grasses of Great Britain, af- fords abundant herbage, and is much rel- ished by cattle. The genus is allied to Anthistiria, and has clusters of flowers with an involucre. A. ciliata is one of the most esteemed fodder grasses of India. KANGRA (kan'gra), a district of Hindustan, in the Punjab, belonging mainly to the Himalayan chain; area, 8,069 square miles; pop. about 800,000. About a ninth is under cultivation, and large tracts are covered with forests. The inhabitants are a good-looking, fair- complexioned race, mild and peaceable, and much attached to their country. KANIN, a peninsula in Russia, be- tween the White Sea and the Gulf of Tcheskaya. It extends into the Arctic Ocean and its extremity is called Cape Kanin Noss.
