KNAUS 357 KNIGHT KNAXTS, LUDWIG (knous), a Ger- man painter; born in Wiesbaden, Oct. 10, 1829. He studied at Diisseldorf under Karl Sohn and Schadow, but struck out a path for himself, painting subjects from everyday rustic life. In 1852-1860 he lived mostly in Paris and painted "The Golden Wedding," "The Baptism," and "The Setting-out for the Dance." In 1861-1866 he resided in Berlin. Among his paintings are "The Juggler," "His Highness on His Travels," "Cobbler Boy" and "Organgrinder." From 1866 to 1874 he lived in Diisseldorf, and painted the pictures on which his fame as a genre painter is most securely founded: "The Children's Feast," "The Funeral," "The Goose-Girl," "Brothers and Sisters," etc. Among his later pictures are "A Holy Family," "Bad Roads," "The Stubborn Model," "The Wisdom of Solomon," etc. He died Dec. 7, 1910. KNEE, the articulation between the femur or thigh bone, above, and the tibia or shin bone below. A third bone, the patella, or knee cap, also enters into the structure of this joint anteriorly. The chief movements of this joint are those of a hinge-joint — namely, flexion and extension; but it is also capable of slight rotatory motion when the knee is half-flexed. KNEE CAP, or PATELLA, a sesamoid bone, developed in the single tendon of the rectus, crureus, vastus externus, and vastus intenius muscles — the great quad- riceps extensor muscle of the leg. It is heart-shaped in form, the broad end being directed upward, and the apex downward. This bone is liable both to dislocation and fracture. Dislocation may occur either inward or outward; but it is most frequent in the outward direction. The displacement may be caused either by mechanical violence, or by too sudden contraction of the extensor muscles in whose conjoined tendon it lies; and is most liable to occur in knock-kneed, flabby persons. Except in one rare vari- ety, the dislocation is capable of being reduced without any difliculty. Fracture of the patella may, like dislocation, be caused either by muscular action or by mechanical violence. Fracture by violent muscular action, as when a person in danger of falling forward attempts to recover himself by throwing the body backward, is the more common of the two forms. KNEIPP, SEBASTIAN, a German clergyman; born in Stefansried, May 17, 1821. He became a Roman Catholic priest in 1852. His attention was early draviTi to the "water cure" which he advo- cated for years. This method was chiefly walking barefoot in dew-moistened grass. He died in Worishofen, June 17, 1897. KNELLER, SIR GODFREY, an Eng- lish portrait painter; born in Liibeck, Aug. 8, 1648. He learned painting un- der Rembrandt and Ferdinand Bol. In 1674 he went to London, and, on the death of Sir Peter Lely in 1G80, was ap- pointed court-painter to Charles II. This office he retained during the reign of James II. and continued to fill it after the Revolution. In 1692 William III. knighted him, and in 1715 George I. made him a baronet. Kneller's best known productions are the "Beauties of Hamp- ton Court" (painted by order of William III.), his portraits of the "Kit-Cat Club," and of nine sovereigns (Charles II. to George I. of England, Louis XIV., Peter the Great, and the Emperor Charles VI.). He painted avowedly for the love of money, and hence never did justice to the undoubted talent he possessed. He died in Twickenham, Nov. 7, 1723. KNIGHT, a man admitted to a cer- tain degree of military rank. Also one who holds a certain dignity conferred by the sovereign or his representative, and entitling the possessor to the title of Sir prefixed to his name. The dignity dif- fers from that of a baronet in not being hereditary. Wives of knights are legally entitled to the designation of Dame, but are more commonly addressed as Lady. KNIGHT, AUSTIN MELVIN, an American naval officer, born at Ware, Mass., in 1854. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1873, and was commanding ensign in the foU lowing year. He served on the Asiatic Station in 1874-1875, and from 1876 to 1878, was at the Naval academy. He fol- lowed this with service on the European and South Atlantic stations, and from 1885 to 1889 was in charge of the ord- nance proving ground at Annapolis. After additional service at sea, he was made superintendent of the Naval Acad- emy from 1892 to 1895. During the Spanish-American War, he commanded several vessels, engaged in the blockade of Cuba. From 1898 to 1901 he was head of the department of seamanship at the Naval Academy. From 1904 to 1907 he was president of the special board on naval ordnance, and from 1913 to 1917 he was commandant and president of the Naval War College. He was appointed commander-in-chief of the Asiatic Fleet with the rank of admiral, in April, 1917. He retired from active service in Decem- ber, 1918. He wrote "Modern Seaman-
